Loading...
Publication
Anemia ferropénica na mulher : causas, diagnóstico laboratorial e tratamento
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.26 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A anemia ferropénica é uma patologia de prevalência elevada em mulheres em idade fértil, principalmente mulheres que apresentam hemorragia menstrual intensa e mulheres grávidas ou pós-parto. Caracteriza-se pela carência de ferro, elemento essencial nos processos fisiológicos do organismo. Apesar da sua importância clínica, está subdiagnosticada, e consequentemente subtratada.
Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar as diferentes causas e manifestações da anemia ferropénica na mulher, assim como o seu diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial, e o tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico.
Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo com base em artigos científicos online, na base de dados Google Scholar e no PubMed, em inglês e português, publicados nos últimos 15 anos com as palavras-chave: iron deficiency, anemia, women.
Resultados: A anemia ferropénica é a forma mais frequente de anemia na gravidez a nível nacional (54,2%) e mundial (36,5%), e pode ter consequências graves para a mãe e para o feto, com risco de mortalidade. A maioria das mulheres não tem reservas de ferro adequadas para satisfazer o aumento das necessidades durante o segundo e terceiro trimestre de gravidez. Atualmente, a principal intervenção é o ferro oral, no entanto, há evidências crescentes que o ferro endovenoso é mais eficaz, proporcionando uma correção mais rápida da hemoglobina, e das reservas de ferro, e é melhor tolerado durante a gravidez. A hemorragia uterina aumentada, é um sintoma comum em mulheres em idade fértil (10-30%). O acrónimo PALM-COEIN facilita o diagnóstico deste sintoma, através da classificação da etiologia, estrutural ou não estrutural. As causas estruturais são: P (pólipos uterinos), A (adenomiose), L (leiomioma) e M (malignas e hiperplasia). As causas não estruturais são: C (coagulopatias), O (ovulatórias), E (endometriais), I (iatrogénicas e N (não classificadas). O tratamento médico a longo prazo mais eficaz para a hemorragia uterina é o sistema intrauterino de levonorgestrel.
Conclusões: Embora a anemia ferropénica nas mulheres seja uma patologia comum para a qual existe diagnóstico e terapêutica eficazes, ainda existem muitas oportunidades para desenvolver mais pesquisas, com o objetivo de melhorar a gestão e a compreensão da sua patogénese.
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is a pathology with a high prevalence in women of childbearing age, especially women who experience heavy menstrual bleeding and pregnant or postpartum women. It is characterized by a lack of iron, an essential element in the body's physiological processes. Despite its clinical importance, it is underdiagnosed and consequently undertreated. Objective: This work aims to address the different causes and manifestations of iron deficiency anemia in women, as well as its clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Materials and Methods: A study was carried out based on scientific articles online, in the Google Scholar database and in PubMed, in English and Portuguese, published in the last 15 years with the keywords: iron deficiency, anemia, women. Results: The most prevalent kind of anemia during pregnancy in the country (54.2%) and throughout the world (36.5%) is iron deficiency anemia, which carries a risk of death for both the mother and the child and can have catastrophic effects. The majority of pregnant women do not have enough iron reserves to fulfill their increasing demands in the second and third trimesters. As of right now, oral iron is the primary solution. However, there is mounting evidence that intravenous iron is more effective, offers a quicker correction of hemoglobin and iron reserves, and is more palatable. For women of childbearing age (10-30%)., abnormal uterine bleeding is a frequent symptom. The acronym PALM-COEIN facilitates the diagnosis of this symptom, through the classification of etiology, structural or non-structural. The structural causes are: P (uterine polyps), A (adenomyosis), L (leiomyoma) and M (malignant and hyperplasia). The non-structural causes are: C (coagulopathies), O (ovulatory), E (endometrial), I (iatrogenic and N (unconventional). The most effective long-term medical treatment for uterine bleeding is the levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Conclusions: Although iron deficiency anemia in women is a common condition for which effective diagnosis and therapy exists, there are still many opportunities to undertake further research with the aim of improving management and understanding of its pathogenesis.
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is a pathology with a high prevalence in women of childbearing age, especially women who experience heavy menstrual bleeding and pregnant or postpartum women. It is characterized by a lack of iron, an essential element in the body's physiological processes. Despite its clinical importance, it is underdiagnosed and consequently undertreated. Objective: This work aims to address the different causes and manifestations of iron deficiency anemia in women, as well as its clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Materials and Methods: A study was carried out based on scientific articles online, in the Google Scholar database and in PubMed, in English and Portuguese, published in the last 15 years with the keywords: iron deficiency, anemia, women. Results: The most prevalent kind of anemia during pregnancy in the country (54.2%) and throughout the world (36.5%) is iron deficiency anemia, which carries a risk of death for both the mother and the child and can have catastrophic effects. The majority of pregnant women do not have enough iron reserves to fulfill their increasing demands in the second and third trimesters. As of right now, oral iron is the primary solution. However, there is mounting evidence that intravenous iron is more effective, offers a quicker correction of hemoglobin and iron reserves, and is more palatable. For women of childbearing age (10-30%)., abnormal uterine bleeding is a frequent symptom. The acronym PALM-COEIN facilitates the diagnosis of this symptom, through the classification of etiology, structural or non-structural. The structural causes are: P (uterine polyps), A (adenomyosis), L (leiomyoma) and M (malignant and hyperplasia). The non-structural causes are: C (coagulopathies), O (ovulatory), E (endometrial), I (iatrogenic and N (unconventional). The most effective long-term medical treatment for uterine bleeding is the levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Conclusions: Although iron deficiency anemia in women is a common condition for which effective diagnosis and therapy exists, there are still many opportunities to undertake further research with the aim of improving management and understanding of its pathogenesis.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Anemia Ferropénica Ferro Mulher Diagnóstico Tratamento