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Análise de notícias orientadas a visualização de dados a partir do design de interação: uma proposta metodológica
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Com o surgimento de novas tecnologias e a popularização da Internet, o Jornalismo passou por diversas transformações e adaptações às plataformas digitais. Neste contexto, surge o Jornalismo de Dados, em que se criam narrativas a partir da seleção, tratamento e, visualização de dados, potencializadas sobretudo pelas linguagens específicas do Jornalismo Digital. O ambiente digital possibilita o uso do Design de Interação para criar notícias interativas, com foco na usabilidade e experiência do utilizador. Dito isto, esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as notícias orientadas a visualização de dados e pesquisar quais processos imersivos os utilizadores realizam para interagir com estas notícias. Optou-se por uma metodologia exploratória, que consiste numa pesquisa empírica realizada a partir da criação de uma ficha de análise descritiva com critérios de usabilidade que compõem o desenho de interface das notícias orientadas à visualização de dados, assim como um teste de usabilidade feito com participantes. O objeto do estudo foram as notícias publicadas no Jornal Público na secção Jornalismo de dados entre de 6 de Outubro de 2020 até 17 Abril de 2024.
A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar que os critérios de usabilidade mais contemplados nas fichas de análise foram autonomia do usuário, visibilidade de recursos, padronização de sinais e respostas do sistema; por outro lado, os critérios menos contemplados foram flexibilidade e limitações do sistema. Desta forma, pôde-se fazer uma proposta metodológica para aproximar o Jornalismo Digital e o Design de Interação, bem como apontar como os media podem otimizar o desenho de interação de notícias orientadas a dados.
With the emergence of new technologies and the advent of the Internet, Journalism has undergone several transformations and adaptations to digital platforms. In this context, Data Journalism emerged, in which news is created for web pages, which, in addition to creating narratives from textual language, also uses data visualization techniques to illustrate them. In addition, the digital environment allows the use of Interaction Design to create interactive news, with a focus on usability and user experience. Therefore, this dissertation aims to analyze news oriented towards data visualization and research which immersive processes users perform to interact with this news. Thus, an exploratory methodology was chosen, which consists of empirical research carried out based on the creation of a descriptive analysis sheet with usability criteria that make up the interface design of news oriented towards data visualization, as well as a usability test carried out with participants. The object of study was the news published in the Jornal Público in the Data Journalism section between October 6, 2020 and April 17, 2024. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to identify that the usability criteria most considered in the analysis sheets were user autonomy, resource visibility, standardization of signals and system responses, while the least considered were flexibility and system limitations. In this way, it was possible to make a methodological proposal to bring Digital Journalism and Interaction Design closer together, as well as point out how the media can optimize the design of data-driven news interactions.
With the emergence of new technologies and the advent of the Internet, Journalism has undergone several transformations and adaptations to digital platforms. In this context, Data Journalism emerged, in which news is created for web pages, which, in addition to creating narratives from textual language, also uses data visualization techniques to illustrate them. In addition, the digital environment allows the use of Interaction Design to create interactive news, with a focus on usability and user experience. Therefore, this dissertation aims to analyze news oriented towards data visualization and research which immersive processes users perform to interact with this news. Thus, an exploratory methodology was chosen, which consists of empirical research carried out based on the creation of a descriptive analysis sheet with usability criteria that make up the interface design of news oriented towards data visualization, as well as a usability test carried out with participants. The object of study was the news published in the Jornal Público in the Data Journalism section between October 6, 2020 and April 17, 2024. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to identify that the usability criteria most considered in the analysis sheets were user autonomy, resource visibility, standardization of signals and system responses, while the least considered were flexibility and system limitations. In this way, it was possible to make a methodological proposal to bring Digital Journalism and Interaction Design closer together, as well as point out how the media can optimize the design of data-driven news interactions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Design de interação Jornalismo digital Visualização de dados Usabilidade