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Cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa em situação neurocrítica, potencial dadora de órgãos/tecidos.
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A escassez de órgãos para transplante trata-se de uma problemática atual. O
número de pessoas em lista de espera por um órgão é elevado e o número de dadores
revela-se insuficiente para as necessidades. O enfermeiro pela sua proximidade à pessoa e
família na prestação de cuidados, ocupa uma posição privilegiada na identificação de
potenciais dadores. Estes cuidados requerem conhecimentos e competências (técnicas,
humanas, éticas e legais) para as quais deve estar desperto.
O presente relatório pretende refletir o percurso vivenciado para o
desenvolvimento e consolidação dos mesmos. Para a sua concretização, foram realizados
estágios em locais e instituições de referência na doação e transplantação.
Este relatório demonstra o processo de aquisição de Competências Comuns e
Especificas de Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica e de Mestre,
com vista à sua apresentação e discussão pública para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica.
Foram desenvolvidos 2 projetos:
- de Intervenção em Serviço (PIS) e
- de Aprendizagem Clínica (PAC), no âmbito do 4º Curso de Mestrado em
Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica da Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de
Setúbal.
O PIS foi desenvolvido na Urgência Geral Polivalente (UGP) do Hospital X, no
âmbito da pessoa em situação neurocrítica, de acordo com a Metodologia de Trabalho de
Projeto. O objetivo foi capacitar os enfermeiros para a importância da deteção e prestação
de cuidados precoces a estas pessoas, em contexto de urgência, de forma global e norteada,
pelo que se optou por uma formação virada para a identificação/referenciação de potenciais
dadores, o diagnóstico, a avaliação, os cuidados na manutenção e a abordagem da
família/pessoa significativa com vista ao transplante com sucesso. Para além da pesquisa
bibliográfica, recorreu-se ao referencial teórico da Transição de Afaf Meleis, uma teoria de
médio alcance.
O PAC teve como objetivo refletir criticamente a prática desenvolvida à luz das
Competências Comuns e Especificas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem em
7
Pessoa em Situação Crítica e Crónica e Paliativa e analisar as aprendizagens, refletindo
acerca de um conjunto de competências de índole mais diferenciado - Competências de
Mestre em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica e que pressupõe um entendimento mais
profundo da pessoa. Foram igualmente elaboradas instruções de trabalho que visam
melhorar a prática através da sua aplicação.
Os ganhos obtidos com os estágios originaram saberes e conhecimentos
específicos que foram partilhados e permitiram mudanças positivas na equipa
multidisciplinar através de sessões formativas que permitiram debate de ideias,
esclarecimento de dúvidas e uma prática mais sustentada e apoiada num procedimento
setorial reformulado.
The shortage of organs for transplantation is an actual problem. The number of people on the waiting list is high and the number of donors proves is insufficient for the demand. Nurses due to the proximity to the person and family during care, occupie a privileged position at the identification of potential donors. Nurses should be aware that such care requires knowledge and skills (techniques, human, ethical and legal). In this way, this report intends to reflect the experience for the development and consolidation of them. For that, we made internships in leading institutions for donation and transplantation area. The present report reflects the path in the process of acquisition of Common and Specifics Skills during the internship of Nurse Specialization in Medical-Surgical Nursing in internship, to its presentation and public discussion, with the aim of obtaining the degree of Master´s Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing. In this period is noteworthy of mention the two projects developed: Attendance Intervention Project and Clinic Learning Project under the 4th Master’s Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Health Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal School. The Attendance Intervention Project was developed in a hospital’s emergency department, under the scope of Neurocritic Person situation by applying the work project methodology. The objective was to train nurses to the importance of detecting and providing early care, global and guided way, to a potential organ/tissue donor in the emergency department, so we opted for a training based on the identification / referral of potential donors, diagnosis, assessment, care and maintenance in the approach to family / significant person for a successful transplant. In addition to the bibliographic research, we used the theoretical framework Transition Afaf Meleis, a Theory of medium range. The objective of Clinic Learning Project was to reflect critically about common skills of the Specialist Nurse and Specific Skills of the Specialist Nurse in Critic and Chronic/Palliative Care, and analyze the learning, reflecting on a set of more differentiated nature of skills - Master Skills in Medical-Surgical Nursing and which requires a deeper understanding of the person. They were also working instructions aimed at improving practice through its application. 9 The gains we had from the internships originated specific knowledge and expertise that were shared, enabling positive changes in the multidisciplinary team through training sessions that allowed discussion of ideas, clarifying doubts and a more sustained practice and supported a sectoral recast procedure.
The shortage of organs for transplantation is an actual problem. The number of people on the waiting list is high and the number of donors proves is insufficient for the demand. Nurses due to the proximity to the person and family during care, occupie a privileged position at the identification of potential donors. Nurses should be aware that such care requires knowledge and skills (techniques, human, ethical and legal). In this way, this report intends to reflect the experience for the development and consolidation of them. For that, we made internships in leading institutions for donation and transplantation area. The present report reflects the path in the process of acquisition of Common and Specifics Skills during the internship of Nurse Specialization in Medical-Surgical Nursing in internship, to its presentation and public discussion, with the aim of obtaining the degree of Master´s Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing. In this period is noteworthy of mention the two projects developed: Attendance Intervention Project and Clinic Learning Project under the 4th Master’s Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Health Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal School. The Attendance Intervention Project was developed in a hospital’s emergency department, under the scope of Neurocritic Person situation by applying the work project methodology. The objective was to train nurses to the importance of detecting and providing early care, global and guided way, to a potential organ/tissue donor in the emergency department, so we opted for a training based on the identification / referral of potential donors, diagnosis, assessment, care and maintenance in the approach to family / significant person for a successful transplant. In addition to the bibliographic research, we used the theoretical framework Transition Afaf Meleis, a Theory of medium range. The objective of Clinic Learning Project was to reflect critically about common skills of the Specialist Nurse and Specific Skills of the Specialist Nurse in Critic and Chronic/Palliative Care, and analyze the learning, reflecting on a set of more differentiated nature of skills - Master Skills in Medical-Surgical Nursing and which requires a deeper understanding of the person. They were also working instructions aimed at improving practice through its application. 9 The gains we had from the internships originated specific knowledge and expertise that were shared, enabling positive changes in the multidisciplinary team through training sessions that allowed discussion of ideas, clarifying doubts and a more sustained practice and supported a sectoral recast procedure.
Description
Relatório de Trabalho de Projeto apresentado para
cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do
grau de Mestre em Enfermagem
Médico-Cirúrgica
Keywords
Competências Enfermagem Médico-cirúrgica Pessoa em Situação Neurocrítica Pessoa em Situação Crítica Potencial Dador de Órgãos/Tecidos Urgência Geral Polivalente Metodologia Trabalho de Projeto Skills Medical-Surgical Nursing Person in Neurocritic Situation Potential Organ/Tissues Donor Emergency Department Work Project Methodology
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais