Loading...
Publication
Entre a Ilegalidade e a Impunidade: o vazio jurídico da venda de falso produto estupefaciente
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.19 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A venda de falsos produtos estupefacientes constitui uma realidade emergente em
zonas urbanas e turísticas de Portugal, onde indivíduos, muitas vezes em contexto de
marginalidade ou associando-se a redes de microcriminalidade urbana, abordam transeuntes
simulando o tráfico de droga. A substância entregue – inócua ou de composição
desconhecida – é publicitada como sendo cocaína, haxixe ou outra droga ilícita, gerando um
cenário de fraude e dissimulação, com impacto na perceção de segurança, na integridade do
espaço público e na confiança dos cidadãos na autoridade do Estado. Apesar da sua
visibilidade social, este fenómeno tem permanecido juridicamente negligenciado.
Neste sentido, a pergunta de partida que orienta a investigação é a seguinte: Que
solução jurídico-punitiva para a venda de falsos estupefacientes? Para responder, recorre-se
a um método jurídico-dogmático, analisando a legislação e jurisprudência nacionais, bem
como o direito comparado (Reino Unido, Alemanha e Florida/EUA), complementado pela
contextualização empírica do fenómeno nas cidades do Porto e Lisboa.
Os resultados evidenciam que a venda de “drogas falsas” não se subsume
adequadamente nos tipos penais vigentes (tráfico de estupefacientes, burla, fraude sobre
mercadorias ou corrupção de substâncias alimentares/medicinais), o que tem permitido a
impunidade dessa conduta, apesar dos riscos que representa para a segurança pública e a
integridade física dos consumidores.
Conclui-se que tal prática lesa bens jurídicos fundamentais e deve ser objeto de tutela
penal. Como solução, propõe-se a criação de um crime autónomo que incrimine
explicitamente a venda falso produto estupefaciente. Esta medida preencheria o vazio
jurídico atual com uma resposta proporcional e eficaz, alinhada com soluções normativas
adotadas em Ordenamentos Jurídicos estrangeiros.
The sale of counterfeit narcotic substances has become an emerging phenomenon in urban and touristic areas of Portugal, where individuals often operating within contexts of marginalization or urban micro-criminality networks approach passers-by while simulating drug trafficking. The substance handed over harmless or of unknown composition is advertised as cocaine, hashish, or another illicit drug, thereby generating a scenario of fraud and deception that undermines public security, the integrity of urban space, and citizens’ trust in the authority of the State. Despite its social visibility, this phenomenon has remained legally unaddressed. Accordingly, the central research question guiding this study is the following: What legal and punitive solution should be adopted for the sale of counterfeit narcotic substances? To answer this, a dogmatic legal method is employed, comprising an analysis of national legislation and case law, as well as comparative legal systems (namely the United Kingdom, Germany, and the State of Florida, USA), complemented by an empirical contextualization of the phenomenon in the cities of Porto and Lisbon. The findings demonstrate that the sale of so-called “fake drugs” does not properly fit within existing criminal types such as drug trafficking, fraud, misrepresentation of goods, or adulteration of food or medicinal substances which has led to the impunity of such conduct, despite the risks it poses to public safety and the physical integrity of consumers. It is concluded that this practice affects fundamental legal interests and should therefore be subject to criminal sanction. As a solution, the creation of an autonomous criminal offence specifically incriminating the sale of counterfeit narcotic substances is proposed. This legislative measure would address the current legal vacuum by providing a proportionate and effective response, in alignment with normative solutions adopted in foreign legal systems.
The sale of counterfeit narcotic substances has become an emerging phenomenon in urban and touristic areas of Portugal, where individuals often operating within contexts of marginalization or urban micro-criminality networks approach passers-by while simulating drug trafficking. The substance handed over harmless or of unknown composition is advertised as cocaine, hashish, or another illicit drug, thereby generating a scenario of fraud and deception that undermines public security, the integrity of urban space, and citizens’ trust in the authority of the State. Despite its social visibility, this phenomenon has remained legally unaddressed. Accordingly, the central research question guiding this study is the following: What legal and punitive solution should be adopted for the sale of counterfeit narcotic substances? To answer this, a dogmatic legal method is employed, comprising an analysis of national legislation and case law, as well as comparative legal systems (namely the United Kingdom, Germany, and the State of Florida, USA), complemented by an empirical contextualization of the phenomenon in the cities of Porto and Lisbon. The findings demonstrate that the sale of so-called “fake drugs” does not properly fit within existing criminal types such as drug trafficking, fraud, misrepresentation of goods, or adulteration of food or medicinal substances which has led to the impunity of such conduct, despite the risks it poses to public safety and the physical integrity of consumers. It is concluded that this practice affects fundamental legal interests and should therefore be subject to criminal sanction. As a solution, the creation of an autonomous criminal offence specifically incriminating the sale of counterfeit narcotic substances is proposed. This legislative measure would address the current legal vacuum by providing a proportionate and effective response, in alignment with normative solutions adopted in foreign legal systems.
Description
Keywords
criminalização direito comparado falso produto estupefaciente impunidade vazio jurídico comparative criminal law counterfeit narcotics criminal liability legal vacuum public security