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Validade e adequação da vacinação para o papiloma vírus humano em relação com a infecção oral e orofaríngea
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O vírus do papiloma humano tem vindo a despertar a atenção da população nos últimos anos. Graças ao desenvolvimento da ciência, foi possível descodificar o seu genoma e descobrir uma enorme variedade de genótipos que são responsáveis por diversas lesões, tanto benignas como malignas. A sua associação com diversos cancros humanos, dos quais se destaca o cancro do colo do útero, impeliu a descoberta de um método preventivo eficaz para a infeção causada por este vírus. Foram assim criadas vacinas profiláticas específicas para os HPV mais cancerígenos.
Mais recentemente descobriu-se a ligação do HPV com a infeção oral e da orofaringe, incluindo o cancro da orofaringe, cuja incidência tem vindo a aumentar. Neste momento, as vacinas existentes não têm indicação das autoridades competentes para prevenir tais patologias, mas estudos clínicos apropriados poderão validar a adequação das mesmas à prevenção destas infeções num futuro próximo. Se assim for, as guidelines da vacinação para o HPV poderão mudar a uma escala global, até mesmo com a introdução de uma nova vacina que contenha os genótipos encontrados na cavidade oral.
A presente dissertação aborda os conhecimentos sobre o papilomavírus humano, as formas de obtenção de amostras do vírus para análise assim como os métodos de deteção do DNA viral, as diversas manifestações da infeção por HPV, formas de prevenção, a terapêutica e a vacinação.
The human papillomavirus has been capturing the attention of the general population in recent years. Thanks to scientific development, it was possible to decode its genome and discover a wide variety of genotypes that are responsible for several lesions, both benign and malignant. HPV’s association with a number of cancers, of which cervical cancer stands out, has urged the discovery of an effective preventive method for the infection this virus causes. Prophylactic vaccines for the most cancerous HPV types were then created. More recently, the connection between HPV and oral and oropharyngeal infection was found, including oropharyngeal cancer, the incidence of which has been increasing. At the present time, the existing vaccines do not have indication by the competent authorities to prevent such pathologies, but appropriate clinical studies might validate their adequacy to the prevention of these infections in the near future. If so, the guidelines for HPV vaccination might change on a global scale, going as further as introducing a new vaccine that contains the genotypes found in the oral cavity. The present dissertation approaches the knowledge about the human papillomavirus, the ways of obtaining virus samples for analysis as well as the methods of viral DNA detection, the various manifestations of HPV infection, prevention techniques, therapeutics and vaccination.
The human papillomavirus has been capturing the attention of the general population in recent years. Thanks to scientific development, it was possible to decode its genome and discover a wide variety of genotypes that are responsible for several lesions, both benign and malignant. HPV’s association with a number of cancers, of which cervical cancer stands out, has urged the discovery of an effective preventive method for the infection this virus causes. Prophylactic vaccines for the most cancerous HPV types were then created. More recently, the connection between HPV and oral and oropharyngeal infection was found, including oropharyngeal cancer, the incidence of which has been increasing. At the present time, the existing vaccines do not have indication by the competent authorities to prevent such pathologies, but appropriate clinical studies might validate their adequacy to the prevention of these infections in the near future. If so, the guidelines for HPV vaccination might change on a global scale, going as further as introducing a new vaccine that contains the genotypes found in the oral cavity. The present dissertation approaches the knowledge about the human papillomavirus, the ways of obtaining virus samples for analysis as well as the methods of viral DNA detection, the various manifestations of HPV infection, prevention techniques, therapeutics and vaccination.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
HPV Vacinação Cavidade oral Orofaringe