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Avaliação das reservas corporais do cão por ultrassonografia em tempo real
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A condição corporal dos animais da espécie canina é um aspecto importante de quantificar, uma vez que permite determinar se os animais se encontram ou não obesos ou subnutridos e assim, em risco ou não de sofrer diversas patologias relaccionadas com esse factor.
O presente trabalho tem como objectivo estudar um dos métodos menos descritos na literatura Médico-Veterinária para avaliação da condição corporal em animais da espécie canina, a ultrassonografia em tempo real, e avaliar a sua precisão, eficácia e vantagens na prática clínica.
Assim sendo, foram captadas diversas imagens em localizações específicas e pré-definidas de 45 animais saudáveis da espécie canina, seleccionados aleatoriamente, de diversas raças, idades e sexos. Essas localizações foram na zona da maçã do peito, axila, esterno, zona lombar, flanco, abdómen, zona inguinal e coxa-isquiática. As imagens que foram obtidas para posteriores medições, foram realizadas com todos os pacientes em decúbito lateral direito, recorrendo a um transdutor linear, utilizando uma frequência de 10 MHz, em modo B.
Após recolha, as imagens foram analisadas recorrendo a um programa específico para o efeito, o ImageJ®, e os dados foram relacionados com a idade dos pacientes, o peso, a largura abdominal e torácica, sexo, porte, raça e estado reproductivo. Foi ainda recolhida, para comparação, a avaliação da condição corporal de todos os animais recorrendo à escala de Edney e Smith.
Foi possível constatar que a distribuição da gordura subcutânea se encontra relaccionada entre si e entre as várias regiões corporais. Conclui-se ainda que as zonas preferenciais de deposição de gordura subcutânea nos cães são a abdominal, a esternal e a zona da maçã do peito. Em relação ao peso vivo foi possível concluir que este varia bastante, mesmo dentro da mesma classe de condição corporal. As medições de ultrassonografia em tempo real realizadas associadas à análise de imagem permitiram obter uma ideia bastante precisa da quantidade de gordura subcutânea presente nas diferentes localizações corporais dos cães. As zonas lombar, abdominal e esternal foram as localizações onde foi possível obter melhores correlações entre as medições de RTU e o peso vivo, as medições morfológicas e a avalição da BCS. Apesar de, recorrendo a esta técnica, ter sido possível distinguir com facilidade os animais de classificação de condição corporal 4 dos animais de condição corporal 3 e 2, não foi possível distinguir com clareza estas duas últimas classificações.
Em conclusão a RTU é um método útil para a classificação e monitorização da condição corporal sendo, contudo, necessária a realização de trabalhos futuros com o objectivo de criar uma correspondência entre as medições obtidas por este método e a condição corporal dos animais.
The body condition of dogs is a very important aspect to quantify, once it allows to determinate if the animals are obese or malnourished, and thus if they are at risk of developing severe diseases, related with that pathological state. The main goal of this work is to study one of the least described methods in the veterinary medicine literature used to assess the body condition, the real time ultrasonography, and to assess the accuracy, efficiency and the advantages of this method when used in the daily practice. Therefore were collected several images from specific and previously selected places from 45 healthy canine patients, randomly selected, with different ages and genders. Those locations were at the entry of the chest, the axilla, the sternum, the lumbar area, the flank, the abdomen, the inguinal and at the ischial-thigh area. The images that were obtained for further measurements were captured with all the animals in right recumbency, using a linear probe, with 10 MHz frequency, in B mode. All the images were analyzed using a specific computer program, the ImageJ®, and the results were correlated with the age, weight, abdominal and thoracic width, gender, breed, size and with the reproductive status of all the patients. Concurrently, the body condition of the same patients was estimated, using the Edney and Smith method, for further comparison. It was possible to notice that the distribution of the subcutaneous fat is related between itself and with the several body areas. The body areas where it was possible to notice a bigger subcutaneous fat deposition were the abdominal, the sternal and at the entry of the chest. We could conclude that the weight varies substantially, even among the animals with the same body condition score. The real-time ultrassonography measurements, associated with the image analysis, allowed to obtain a very accurate idea of the amount of subcutaneous fat that is present in the different body areas. The body locations where it was possible to obtain the best correlations between the RTU measurements and the weight, the morphological measurements and the body condition scoring were the lumbar, the abdominal and the sternal areas. Despite the results that could be obtained using the RTU, it was relatively easy to differentiate the animals with body condition score of 4 from the animals with body condition score of 3 or 2, while it was extremely difficult to differentiate between patients with these last two classifications. In conclusion, although the RTU can be considered a very useful body condition scoring method, it is necessary to perform future studies in order to create a correspondence between the measurements obtained using the RTU and the different classifications of body condition score.
The body condition of dogs is a very important aspect to quantify, once it allows to determinate if the animals are obese or malnourished, and thus if they are at risk of developing severe diseases, related with that pathological state. The main goal of this work is to study one of the least described methods in the veterinary medicine literature used to assess the body condition, the real time ultrasonography, and to assess the accuracy, efficiency and the advantages of this method when used in the daily practice. Therefore were collected several images from specific and previously selected places from 45 healthy canine patients, randomly selected, with different ages and genders. Those locations were at the entry of the chest, the axilla, the sternum, the lumbar area, the flank, the abdomen, the inguinal and at the ischial-thigh area. The images that were obtained for further measurements were captured with all the animals in right recumbency, using a linear probe, with 10 MHz frequency, in B mode. All the images were analyzed using a specific computer program, the ImageJ®, and the results were correlated with the age, weight, abdominal and thoracic width, gender, breed, size and with the reproductive status of all the patients. Concurrently, the body condition of the same patients was estimated, using the Edney and Smith method, for further comparison. It was possible to notice that the distribution of the subcutaneous fat is related between itself and with the several body areas. The body areas where it was possible to notice a bigger subcutaneous fat deposition were the abdominal, the sternal and at the entry of the chest. We could conclude that the weight varies substantially, even among the animals with the same body condition score. The real-time ultrassonography measurements, associated with the image analysis, allowed to obtain a very accurate idea of the amount of subcutaneous fat that is present in the different body areas. The body locations where it was possible to obtain the best correlations between the RTU measurements and the weight, the morphological measurements and the body condition scoring were the lumbar, the abdominal and the sternal areas. Despite the results that could be obtained using the RTU, it was relatively easy to differentiate the animals with body condition score of 4 from the animals with body condition score of 3 or 2, while it was extremely difficult to differentiate between patients with these last two classifications. In conclusion, although the RTU can be considered a very useful body condition scoring method, it is necessary to perform future studies in order to create a correspondence between the measurements obtained using the RTU and the different classifications of body condition score.
Description
Keywords
Reservas corporais Obesidade Tecido adiposo Condição corporal Ultrassonografia em tempo real