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Intervenções de enfermagem especializada na humanização dos cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica
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Este relatório foi elaborado no âmbito da Unidade Curricular Estágio e Relatório do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica.
Assenta numa metodologia descritiva, analítica e crítico-reflexiva das experiências vivenciadas ao longo do processo formativo, procurando evidenciar as competências comuns e especificas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Critica (EEEMCPSC), adquiridas e desenvolvidas, salientando os 3 contextos de estágio, nomeadamente: um Serviço de Urgência Geral Polivalente (UGP), um Serviço de Medicina Intensiva (SMI) e na Viatura Médica de Emergência e Reanimação (VMER), contribuindo para a atribuição do titulo de Enfermeira Especialista na área do ciclo de estudos e Mestre em Enfermagem.
Ao longo do processo formativo, adotou-se como referencial estruturante do raciocínio em Enfermagem a Teoria do Cuidado Humano de Jean Watson, que compreende o cuidar como um processo relacional e transpessoal, integrando dimensões físicas, emocionais e espirituais.
A humanização dos cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica constitui um desafio central na enfermagem especializada, sobretudo em contextos de elevada complexidade tecnológica, como os Serviços de Urgência e de Medicina Intensiva. Apesar dos avanços técnico-científicos, subsiste o risco de despersonalização do cuidado, tornando essencial a implementação de intervenções que salvaguardem a dignidade, a autonomia e a integridade da pessoa. No sentido de conhecer a evidência científica recente sobre a temática, elaborámos uma Scoping Review, de acordo com a metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute, denominada “Intervenções De Enfermagem Especializada que Contribuem para a Humanização Dos Cuidados À Pessoa Em Situação Crítica em Serviços de Urgência: A Scoping Review”. A evidência científica analisada destaca intervenções como a comunicação terapêutica, a presença intencional, o envolvimento da família, a gestão da dor e a preservação da privacidade como promotoras de melhores resultados clínicos, maior satisfação da pessoa cuidada e reforço do bem-estar profissional.
O percurso formativo conducente ao título de Enfermeiro Especialista e ao grau de Mestre em Enfermagem fundamentam-se nos Regulamentos das Competências Comuns e Específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista, definidos pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros (OE), bem como nos descritores de Dublin que enquadram o segundo ciclo de formação, conforme estabelecido no Decreto-Lei n.º 74/2006.
This report was developed within the scope of the Curricular Unit Internship and Report of the Master’s Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the area of Nursing Care for the Person in Critical Condition. It is based on a descriptive, analytical, and critical-reflective methodology grounded in the experiences lived throughout the educational process, aiming to highlight the common and specific competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing Care for the Person in Critical Condition, acquired and developed throughout training. It emphasizes the three internship contexts, namely a General Emergency Department, an Intensive Care Unit, and an Emergency and Resuscitation Medical Vehicle, contributing to the award of the title of Specialist Nurse in the study area and the Master’s degree in Nursing. Throughout the training process, Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring was adopted as the guiding theoretical framework for nursing reasoning, understanding caring as a relational and transpersonal process that integrates physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. The humanization of care for the person in critical condition constitutes a central challenge in specialized nursing, particularly in highly technological settings such as Emergency Departments and Intensive Care Units. Despite scientific and technical advances, the risk of depersonalization of care remains, making it essential to implement interventions that safeguard the person’s dignity, autonomy, and integrity. In order to explore the recent scientific evidence on this topic, a Scoping Review was conducted in accordance with the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, entitled “Specialized Nursing Interventions Contributing to the Humanization of Care for the Person in Critical Condition in Emergency Services: A Scoping Review.” The evidence reviewed highlights interventions such as therapeutic communication, intentional presence, family involvement, pain management, and the preservation of privacy as promoters of improved clinical outcomes, greater patient satisfaction, and enhanced professional well-being. The educational pathway leading to the title of Specialist Nurse and to the Master’s degree in Nursing is grounded in the Regulations of the Common and Specific Competencies of the Specialist Nurse, defined by the Portuguese Order of Nurses, as well as in the Dublin Descriptors that frame second-cycle higher education, as established by Decree-Law no. 74/2006.
This report was developed within the scope of the Curricular Unit Internship and Report of the Master’s Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the area of Nursing Care for the Person in Critical Condition. It is based on a descriptive, analytical, and critical-reflective methodology grounded in the experiences lived throughout the educational process, aiming to highlight the common and specific competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing Care for the Person in Critical Condition, acquired and developed throughout training. It emphasizes the three internship contexts, namely a General Emergency Department, an Intensive Care Unit, and an Emergency and Resuscitation Medical Vehicle, contributing to the award of the title of Specialist Nurse in the study area and the Master’s degree in Nursing. Throughout the training process, Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring was adopted as the guiding theoretical framework for nursing reasoning, understanding caring as a relational and transpersonal process that integrates physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. The humanization of care for the person in critical condition constitutes a central challenge in specialized nursing, particularly in highly technological settings such as Emergency Departments and Intensive Care Units. Despite scientific and technical advances, the risk of depersonalization of care remains, making it essential to implement interventions that safeguard the person’s dignity, autonomy, and integrity. In order to explore the recent scientific evidence on this topic, a Scoping Review was conducted in accordance with the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, entitled “Specialized Nursing Interventions Contributing to the Humanization of Care for the Person in Critical Condition in Emergency Services: A Scoping Review.” The evidence reviewed highlights interventions such as therapeutic communication, intentional presence, family involvement, pain management, and the preservation of privacy as promoters of improved clinical outcomes, greater patient satisfaction, and enhanced professional well-being. The educational pathway leading to the title of Specialist Nurse and to the Master’s degree in Nursing is grounded in the Regulations of the Common and Specific Competencies of the Specialist Nurse, defined by the Portuguese Order of Nurses, as well as in the Dublin Descriptors that frame second-cycle higher education, as established by Decree-Law no. 74/2006.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio para obtenção do grau de mestre na Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Humanização dos cuidados Enfermagem médico-cirúrgica Pessoa em situação crítica Teoria do cuidado humano Jean Watson