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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A Carta das Nações Unidas estabelecer uma proibição geral do uso da força, como
método para a resolução de conflitos entre os Estados, no entanto os conflitos perduram até
aos dias de hoje, pelo que foi necessário criar ferramentas de controlo do uso da força, de
modo a garantir que a lei, nacional e internacional, é cumprida e evitar danos desnecessários,
protegendo pessoas e bens. As regras de empenhamento (ROE) são uma dessas ferramentas.
A presente investigação tem como tema “Regras de Empenhamento (ROE) nas
operações militares. Contributo para a sua caraterização”, sendo este estudo delimitado à
natureza jurídica das regras de empenhamento, em específico a sua relação com a legítima
defesa, nas operações militares de resposta a crises.
Neste estudo, baseado numa extensa pesquisa bibliográfica, analisou-se: o conceito
jurídico da legítima defesa, identificando o seu objeto, pressupostos e erros, quer a nível
nacional, quer a nível internacional; os conceitos associados às regras de empenhamento na
doutrina NATO, UE e Nacional, realçando os princípios básicos comuns na sua génese, no
processo de aprovação; e, por fim, de que forma o direito nacional integra o direito
internacional, realçando-se os princípios fundamentais pelos quais se deve reger a atividade
operacional e como as ROE e o targeting restringem o uso da força.
Com esta investigação conclui-se que devido às diferenças nas leis nacionais de cada
Estado, nem sempre é possível determinar quando termina o uso da força em legítima defesa
e se inicia o uso da força autorizado pelas regras de empenhamento, tendo a União Europeia
criado as ROE confirmatórias para tentar mitigar este vazio legal.
Abstract: The United Nations Charter establishes a general prohibition on the use of force as a method for solving conflicts between states, however conflicts continue to this day and it’s necessary to create tools for controlling the use of force, to ensure that national and international law is enforced and to avoid unnecessary harm by protecting people and property. Rules of engagement (ROE) are one of those tools. The theme of the present investigation is "Rules of Engagement (ROE) in military operations. Contribution to its characterization", this study being delimited by the legal nature of the rules of engagement, specifically its relationship with self-defense, in military Crisis Response Operations. In this study, based on an extensive bibliographical research, were analyzed: the legal concept of self-defense, its object, assumptions and errors, both nationally and internationally; the concepts associated with the rules of engagement in NATO, EU and National doctrine, emphasizing the common basic principles in its genesis and in the approval process; and, finally explain how national law integrates international law, emphasizing the fundamental principles by which operational activity should be governed, and how ROE and targeting restrict the use of force. It is concluded from this investigation that it is not always possible to determine when the use of force ends in self-defense and the use of force authorized by the rules of engagement begins, because of the differences in the national laws of each State. In order to mitigate this legal gap, European Union created the confirmatory ROE.
Abstract: The United Nations Charter establishes a general prohibition on the use of force as a method for solving conflicts between states, however conflicts continue to this day and it’s necessary to create tools for controlling the use of force, to ensure that national and international law is enforced and to avoid unnecessary harm by protecting people and property. Rules of engagement (ROE) are one of those tools. The theme of the present investigation is "Rules of Engagement (ROE) in military operations. Contribution to its characterization", this study being delimited by the legal nature of the rules of engagement, specifically its relationship with self-defense, in military Crisis Response Operations. In this study, based on an extensive bibliographical research, were analyzed: the legal concept of self-defense, its object, assumptions and errors, both nationally and internationally; the concepts associated with the rules of engagement in NATO, EU and National doctrine, emphasizing the common basic principles in its genesis and in the approval process; and, finally explain how national law integrates international law, emphasizing the fundamental principles by which operational activity should be governed, and how ROE and targeting restrict the use of force. It is concluded from this investigation that it is not always possible to determine when the use of force ends in self-defense and the use of force authorized by the rules of engagement begins, because of the differences in the national laws of each State. In order to mitigate this legal gap, European Union created the confirmatory ROE.
Description
Keywords
Regras de Empenhamento ROE Legítima Defesa Rules of Engagement Self-Defense