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Abstract(s)
A Meteorologia, como ciência, tem o seu impacto no estudo e desenvolvimento em várias áreas na nossa sociedade. O ser humano usou os fenómenos da atmosfera para seu proveito desde a antiguidade. Ao conhecê-los melhor foi capaz de melhorar o seu modo de vida, usando, principalmente na agricultura. Foi graças a este aproveitamento, que começaram a surgir as grandes civilizações da humanidade que conhecemos, devido à sua agricultura próspera.
A ciência iria sofrer algumas alterações ao longo dos anos, mas foi a partir do século XVII, que começa a haver estudos intensos e pormenorizados através de indivíduos independentes, como também, de estações meteorológicas criadas ao longo dos tempos. Contudo, só no século XIX, o oficial americano Maury, em 1856, com a ajuda das suas cartas de ventos e correntes marítimas, consegue encurtar uma viagem de 180 dias para 100, mostrando a importância do estudo da Meteorologia e sugere, em Bruxelas, criar um sistema mundial de observações meteorológicas.
Só no século XIX e XX é que houve um grande avanço, em Portugal, inicialmente com o aparecimento de Miguel Marino Franzini. A seguir, houve a construção do observatório D.Luiz, criado pelo Dr. Dias Pegado, que mais tarde ia ter como diretor o Almirante Brito Capelo desde 1875 até 1901 sua morte. Foi devido a este passo, que Portugal iria contribuir, com a sua participação, inicialmente através do Almirante, em Congressos Mundiais. Seguidamente, temos três Engenheiros Hidrógrafos que tentaram contribuir para a meteorologia, não só em Portugal Continental, como também ao longo do Império Português. Mais tarde, houve a participação dos Oficiais Carvalho Brandão e Freitas Morna, que, após a criação do Serviço Meteorológico da Marinha, foram os primeiros chefes deste serviço, dando as suas opiniões do melhoramento da Ciência, através das suas obras.
Meteorology, as a science, has an impact on the study and development of various areas in our society. Humanity has used atmospheric phenomena to their advantage since ancient times. By getting to know them better, they were able to improve their way of life, using them mainly in agriculture. It was thanks to this use that great civilizations that we know began to emerge, due to their prosperous agriculture. Science would undergo some changes over the years, but it was from the 17th century onwards that there began to be intense and detailed studies by independent individuals, as well as weather stations created over time. However, it wasn’t until the 19th century, that the American Officer Maury, in 1856, with the help of his wind and sea current charts, managed to shorten a voyage from 180 days to 100, showing the importance of studying meteorology and suggesting, in Brussels, the creation of meteorological observations. It wasn’t until the 19th and 20th centuries that great progress was made, in Portugal, initially with the appearance of Miguel Marino Franzini. This was followed by the construction of the D.Luiz observatory, created by Dr. Dias Pegado, who would later have Admiral Brito Capelo as its director from 1875 until his death in 1901. It was because of this step that Portugal would contribute by participating, initially through the Admiral, in World Congresses. Then there were three Hydrographic Engineers who tried to contribute to meteorology, not only in mainland Portugal, but also throughout the Portuguese Empire. Later, there was the participation of Officers Carvalho Brandão and Freitas Morna, who, after the creation of the Meteorological Service of the Navy, were the first heads of this service, giving their opinions on the improvement of the Science, through their works.
Meteorology, as a science, has an impact on the study and development of various areas in our society. Humanity has used atmospheric phenomena to their advantage since ancient times. By getting to know them better, they were able to improve their way of life, using them mainly in agriculture. It was thanks to this use that great civilizations that we know began to emerge, due to their prosperous agriculture. Science would undergo some changes over the years, but it was from the 17th century onwards that there began to be intense and detailed studies by independent individuals, as well as weather stations created over time. However, it wasn’t until the 19th century, that the American Officer Maury, in 1856, with the help of his wind and sea current charts, managed to shorten a voyage from 180 days to 100, showing the importance of studying meteorology and suggesting, in Brussels, the creation of meteorological observations. It wasn’t until the 19th and 20th centuries that great progress was made, in Portugal, initially with the appearance of Miguel Marino Franzini. This was followed by the construction of the D.Luiz observatory, created by Dr. Dias Pegado, who would later have Admiral Brito Capelo as its director from 1875 until his death in 1901. It was because of this step that Portugal would contribute by participating, initially through the Admiral, in World Congresses. Then there were three Hydrographic Engineers who tried to contribute to meteorology, not only in mainland Portugal, but also throughout the Portuguese Empire. Later, there was the participation of Officers Carvalho Brandão and Freitas Morna, who, after the creation of the Meteorological Service of the Navy, were the first heads of this service, giving their opinions on the improvement of the Science, through their works.
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Keywords
Marinha Meteorologia Serviço Meteorológico Nacional Carvalho Brandão Freitas Morna