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Publication
Farmacologia no movimento dentário durante o tratamento ortodôntico
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A procura de tratamento ortodôntico tem aumentado bastante nos últimos anos devido a
razões de melhoria estética e anatómica, em todas as idades. O movimento dentário
originado por aparelhos ortodônticos desenvolve diferentes respostas biológicas
causadas pelas aplicações de forças. Nos últimos anos houve um grande
desenvolvimento tecnológico que permitiu o conhecimento a nível molecular das
consequências do movimento dentário e o seu impacto a nível do ligamento periodontal
e do osso.
A prescrição de certos fármacos usados para controlar o desconforto causado pela
aplicação de forças nos dentes pode interferir na resposta causada pelas forças
ortodônticas, podendo aumentar ou diminuir a reabsorção óssea e, consequentemente,
aumentando ou diminuindo o movimento dentário. Além desta situação, muitos
pacientes encontram-se em tratamentos médicos devidos a várias patologias, de carácter agudo ou crónico, onde a administração de fármacos é obrigatória diariamente e que pode vir a influenciar a taxa de movimentação dentária durante o tratamento
ortodôntico.
O médico dentista deve estar preparado para lidar com os diferentes contextos dos
pacientes que procuram tratamento ortodôntico. É fundamental o conhecimento dos
mecanismos de ação dos diferentes fármacos e as consequências no tratamento
ortodôntico. Para tal, deve ser feita uma história clínica rigorosa para que o ortodontista
saiba e comunique ao paciente as expectativas reais do tratamento. São vários os
estudos usando animais e, em menor número estudos em humanos, que permitem o
conhecimento da influência dos fármacos no movimento dentário.
Recently, the demand for orthodontic treatments has greatly increased in patients of all ages due to a high interest in personal improvement of aesthetics or anatomical problems. Dental movement caused by orthodontic treatment develops different biological triggers stimulated by the force that is used. During late years, a huge technological development allowed us to obtain knowledge about the effect of dental movement at molecular level and its impact on periodontal ligament and bone. Certain drugs prescribed to relieve and control the discomfort caused by the force applied in the tooth can interfere with bone absorption processes. This phenomenon can lead to a higher or lower bone resorption and, consequently, affect the dental movement. Nevertheless, many patients undergoing medical treatments caused by acute or chronic pathologies are obliged to use drugs prescription daily. The dentist should be prepared to deal with the different patients seeking orthodontic treatments. It is vital being aware of the different drugs action mechanism and the consequences that can result from the orthodontic treatment. To achieve this goal, a rigorous and thorough clinical history should be done in order for the orthodontic dentist know and explain the patient the real treatment expectations. Several animal studies and a few in humans, allow the knowledge about the influence of different drugs in dental movement.
Recently, the demand for orthodontic treatments has greatly increased in patients of all ages due to a high interest in personal improvement of aesthetics or anatomical problems. Dental movement caused by orthodontic treatment develops different biological triggers stimulated by the force that is used. During late years, a huge technological development allowed us to obtain knowledge about the effect of dental movement at molecular level and its impact on periodontal ligament and bone. Certain drugs prescribed to relieve and control the discomfort caused by the force applied in the tooth can interfere with bone absorption processes. This phenomenon can lead to a higher or lower bone resorption and, consequently, affect the dental movement. Nevertheless, many patients undergoing medical treatments caused by acute or chronic pathologies are obliged to use drugs prescription daily. The dentist should be prepared to deal with the different patients seeking orthodontic treatments. It is vital being aware of the different drugs action mechanism and the consequences that can result from the orthodontic treatment. To achieve this goal, a rigorous and thorough clinical history should be done in order for the orthodontic dentist know and explain the patient the real treatment expectations. Several animal studies and a few in humans, allow the knowledge about the influence of different drugs in dental movement.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Fármacos Ortodontia Movimento dentário Reabsorção óssea