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Desenvolvendo Competências Especializadas em Enfermagem Perioperatória: Gestão da Dor no Idoso a Vivenciar Experiência Cirúrgica
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A evolução demográfica nos últimos 40 anos contribuiu para que Portugal seja um dos países mais envelhecidos da Europa, tornando-se essencial aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as particularidades do cuidado a este grupo etário. A prevalência de idosos em situação perioperatória, evidenciou a necessidade de adotar estratégias de intervenção para melhoria da qualidade de vida dessas pessoas, pois apresentam maior probabilidade de desenvolver disfunções próprias do envelhecimento, como a dor. Sendo a dor um sinal frequentemente, subvalorizado e subtratado nos idosos, a sua gestão durante a experiência cirúrgica é fundamental na enfermagem perioperatória, pois pode prejudicar a sua recuperação. Esta gestão requer especial atenção devido às alterações fisiológicas que afetam a perceção e a resposta à dor, tornando a sua avaliação e controlo particularmente complexos. A ausência de formação adequada sobre a dor, é, também, uma preocupação reconhecida, contribuindo para a persistência de mitos e conceitos falsos. Portanto, os enfermeiros perioperatórios devem possuir um conhecimento sólido dos mecanismos da dor e uma compreensão profunda das necessidades específicas dos idosos para lidar com os desafios da gestão da dor perioperatória, reconhecendo-se a contribuição do enfermeiro especialista e mestre, de acordo com as suas competências, para garantir a eficiência e segurança nesta área. Assim, no âmbito do Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, na área do Cuidado à Pessoa em Situação Perioperatória, e decorrente da concretização dos Estágios previstos no respetivo Plano de Estudos, bem como da experiência profissional como Enfermeira Perioperatória, surge o presente Relatório de Estágio. Este, tem como objetivo demonstrar a aquisição e aprofundamento das competências comuns e específicas no Cuidado à Pessoa em Situação Perioperatória, bem como as competências de Mestre, relevando o cuidado especializado na gestão da dor decorrente da experiência cirúrgica na pessoa idosa. Para tal, utilizou-se uma metodologia analítica, crítica e reflexiva, fundamentada em evidência científica e nos referenciais da Profissão. Paralelamente, conduziu-se uma revisão narrativa, de modo aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a gestão da dor no idoso a vivenciar experiência cirúrgica; visando uma prestação de cuidados especializados segura e de qualidade.
Demographic change over the last 40 years has made Portugal one of the oldest countries in Europe, making it essential to deepen our knowledge of the particularities of care for this age group. The prevalence of elderly people in perioperative situations has highlighted the need to adopt intervention strategies to improve their quality of life, as they are more likely to develop age-related dysfunctions, such as pain. As pain is a sign that is often undervalued and undertreated in the elderly, its management during the surgical experience is fundamental in perioperative nursing, as it can impair recovery. This management requires special attention due to the physiological changes that affect the perception of and response to pain, making its assessment and control particularly complex. The lack of adequate training on pain is also a recognized concern, contributing to the persistence of myths and false concepts. Therefore, perioperative nurses must have a solid knowledge of pain mechanisms and an in-depth understanding of the specific needs of the elderly to deal with the challenges of perioperative pain management, recognizing the contribution of specialist and master's nurses, according to their competencies, to ensure efficiency and safety in this area. Thus, within the scope of the Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the area of Care for People in Perioperative Situations, and as a result of the Internships provided for in the respective Study Plan, as well as professional experience as a Perioperative Nurse, this Internship Report appears. Its aim is to demonstrate the acquisition and deepening of common and specific skills in the Care of the Person in a Perioperative Situation, as well as the Master's skills, highlighting the specialized care in pain management resulting from the surgical experience in the elderly. To this end, an analytical, critical and reflective methodology was used, based on scientific evidence and the benchmarks of the profession. At the same time, a narrative review was carried out in order to deepen knowledge of pain management in the elderly undergoing surgery, with a view to providing safe, quality specialized care.
Demographic change over the last 40 years has made Portugal one of the oldest countries in Europe, making it essential to deepen our knowledge of the particularities of care for this age group. The prevalence of elderly people in perioperative situations has highlighted the need to adopt intervention strategies to improve their quality of life, as they are more likely to develop age-related dysfunctions, such as pain. As pain is a sign that is often undervalued and undertreated in the elderly, its management during the surgical experience is fundamental in perioperative nursing, as it can impair recovery. This management requires special attention due to the physiological changes that affect the perception of and response to pain, making its assessment and control particularly complex. The lack of adequate training on pain is also a recognized concern, contributing to the persistence of myths and false concepts. Therefore, perioperative nurses must have a solid knowledge of pain mechanisms and an in-depth understanding of the specific needs of the elderly to deal with the challenges of perioperative pain management, recognizing the contribution of specialist and master's nurses, according to their competencies, to ensure efficiency and safety in this area. Thus, within the scope of the Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the area of Care for People in Perioperative Situations, and as a result of the Internships provided for in the respective Study Plan, as well as professional experience as a Perioperative Nurse, this Internship Report appears. Its aim is to demonstrate the acquisition and deepening of common and specific skills in the Care of the Person in a Perioperative Situation, as well as the Master's skills, highlighting the specialized care in pain management resulting from the surgical experience in the elderly. To this end, an analytical, critical and reflective methodology was used, based on scientific evidence and the benchmarks of the profession. At the same time, a narrative review was carried out in order to deepen knowledge of pain management in the elderly undergoing surgery, with a view to providing safe, quality specialized care.
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Dor Envelhecimento Enfermagem Perioperatória Qualidade em saúde Pain Aging Perioperative nursing Health quality