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Development of an IoT-based smart water metering system
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Um dos problemas mais relevantes que afectam a eficiência da distribuição de água
são as perdas de água nos sistemas de abastecimento, que podem atingir cerca de
50% da água distribuída. Estas perdas podem ser causadas pela deterioração das
infra-estruturas, por sistemas de faturação ineficazes, por medidas imprecisas ou por
consumo não autorizado. As empresas de gestão da água preferem normalmente
utilizar contadores de água totalmente mecânicos, uma vez que são de baixo custo e
têm boa fiabilidade. No entanto, não proporcionam uma monitorização em tempo
real nem automática do consumo de água, o que, certamente, não ajuda na luta
contra as perdas. Conhecer em tempo real e em múltiplos pontos o valor da água
consumida é útil para identificar perdas de água na conduta.
O objetivo deste projeto é desenvolver um dispositivo que não substitua o contador
de água convencional já existente, mas que o transforme num AMR medidor. O
dispositivo deve ser integrado numa aplicação IoT de monitorização.
O sistema desenvolvido utiliza a câmara ESP-EYE para adquirir imagens periódicas
do contador de água convencional. As imagens são enviadas via Bluetooth para um
Raspberry Pi, que é o núcleo de computação do sistema desenvolvido. A imagem é
submetida a um pré-processamento, com o objetivo de selecionar apenas a parte que
contém o valor lido pelo contador e de a tornar o mais nítida possível para o
reconhecimento dos carateres . A imagem processada é o input do OCR Tesseract,
que extrai dela o valor indicado pelo contador de água.
Este valor é armazenado numa base de dados local e enviado para o servidor Akenza,
de forma que os dados também estejam disponíveis remotamente. O sistema
desenvolvido deve ser instalado perto do contador de água. Se esse local estiver ao
alcance de uma rede Wi-Fi, os dados serão enviados para o servidor Akenza através
de MQTT sobre TCP/IP. Se, pelo contrário, o contador estiver longe de uma rede
Wi-Fi, os dados serão enviados para o servidor TTN via LoRaWAN. Depois, por
integração, chegarão ao servidor Akenza.
One of the most relevant problems that affect the water distribution efficiency are the water losses in supply systems that can reach up to about 50% of the distributed water. They can be caused by infrastructure deterioration, ineffective billing systems, inaccurate metering, or unauthorised consumption. Water management companies normally prefer to use fully mechanical water meters, since they are low-cost and have good reliability. However, they do not provide real-time nor automatic water consumption monitoring and this, certainly, does not help in the fight against losses. Knowing in real time and at multiple points the value of consumed water is useful for identifying water leaks on the pipeline. The objective of this project is to develop a device that does not substitute the already present conventional water metering, instead it turns the conventional one into an AMR meter. The device should be integrated in a IoT monitoring application. The developed system uses the ESP-EYE camera to periodically acquire images of the conventional water metering. The images are sent via Bluetooth to a Raspberry Pi, which is the computing core of the developed system. The image undergoes a pre-processing step, aimed at cropping out only the part containing the value read by the meter and at making it as clear as possible for character recognition. The processed image is the input of the OCR Tesseract, which extracts from it the value showed by the water meter. This value is both stored in a local database and sent to the Akenza server, so that the data is also remotely available. The developed system must be installed near the water meter. If this location is in the range of a Wi-Fi network, then the data will be sent to Akenza using MQTT on TCP/IP. If, instead, the meter is far from a Wi-Fi network, then the data will be sent to TTN via LoRaWAN. Then, through integration, it will reach Akenza.
One of the most relevant problems that affect the water distribution efficiency are the water losses in supply systems that can reach up to about 50% of the distributed water. They can be caused by infrastructure deterioration, ineffective billing systems, inaccurate metering, or unauthorised consumption. Water management companies normally prefer to use fully mechanical water meters, since they are low-cost and have good reliability. However, they do not provide real-time nor automatic water consumption monitoring and this, certainly, does not help in the fight against losses. Knowing in real time and at multiple points the value of consumed water is useful for identifying water leaks on the pipeline. The objective of this project is to develop a device that does not substitute the already present conventional water metering, instead it turns the conventional one into an AMR meter. The device should be integrated in a IoT monitoring application. The developed system uses the ESP-EYE camera to periodically acquire images of the conventional water metering. The images are sent via Bluetooth to a Raspberry Pi, which is the computing core of the developed system. The image undergoes a pre-processing step, aimed at cropping out only the part containing the value read by the meter and at making it as clear as possible for character recognition. The processed image is the input of the OCR Tesseract, which extracts from it the value showed by the water meter. This value is both stored in a local database and sent to the Akenza server, so that the data is also remotely available. The developed system must be installed near the water meter. If this location is in the range of a Wi-Fi network, then the data will be sent to Akenza using MQTT on TCP/IP. If, instead, the meter is far from a Wi-Fi network, then the data will be sent to TTN via LoRaWAN. Then, through integration, it will reach Akenza.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
OCR IoT AMR medidor Contadores de água
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC