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Effectiveness of oral feeding methods in preterm infants : a systematic review of the literature
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Background: The autonomy of the preterm infant depends not only on the total daily intake over 24 h but also on the absence of hemodynamic instability, however subtle, and on the lack of signs of neurobehavioral stress. Feeding autonomy, combined with adequate and consistent weight gain, is a criterion for hospital discharge. As a nursing intervention, oral feeding requires responsible decision-making and the selection of the most appropriate feeding method to ensure adequate nutrition. Therefore, it is essential to understand how oral feeding methods promote feeding autonomy and consistent weight gain.
Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of oral feeding methods in acquiring feeding autonomy and consistent weight gain in preterm infants admitted to the neonatology unit.
Methods: PRISMA-P guidelines were followed. A three-stage search strategy was carried out, supported by MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and MedicLatina electronic databases via the EBSCO platform; electronic databases SciELO and Scopus; and platforms Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, from 2015 to 2025. Quality of the included studies was assessed using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The inclusion criteria for this systematic literature review followed the PICO framework. Eligible studies focused on feeding method interventions in preterm infants. Data extraction was independently performed by reviewers.
Results: Six articles were included, 5 were randomized trials, and 1 was a cohort study. The most frequently studied feeding method was cup feeding (n = 6), followed by finger feeding (n = 4).
Conclusions: The results of the different studies were inconsistent, showing significant variations and, in some cases, contradictory conclusions about the ideal method for transitioning to full oral feeding. It is therefore essential to consider the factors that influence the effectiveness of feeding methods, namely, oral motor skills, hemodynamic stability, complications that occur during feeding, and the nurse’s own experience.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
discharge feeding methods full oral feeding preterm infant weight gain
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Brantes, Ana Lúcia Gonçalves, Curado, Maria Alice dos Santos, Marôco, João, Malheiro, Maria Isabel, Effectiveness of Oral Feeding Methods in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review of the Literature, Nursing Forum, 2026, 6635072. https://doi.org/10.1155/nuf/6635072
Editora
Wiley