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Estilos de coping em crianças com doença crónica
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Abstract(s)
No domínio da Psicologia da Saúde Infantil o estudo dos processos de confronto tem sido bastante explorado
embora grande parte da investigação se centre na avaliação das estratégias de coping e não nos padrões ou estilos
de confronto. Os estilos de coping são padrões relativamente estáveis de estratégias que a criança utiliza para lidar
com os seus problemas, nomeadamente aqueles que se relacionam com a doença. Os estilos são entendidos como
uma variável relativamente estável, próxima do que normalmente se denomina de traço.
Este estudo, que se insere num projecto mais alargado sobre a adaptação psicológica de crianças com doença
crónica, teve como objectivo estudar os estilos de coping relacionados com a situação de doença, numa amostra
de crianças com patologia crónica e em idade escolar.
Participaram 87 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 8 e os 12 anos e com o diagnóstico clínico de asma
brônquica. Para avaliação dos estilos de coping foi utilizada a versão portuguesa do “Coping Health Inventory for
Children” (Lima et al., 2009).
Os resultados demonstraram que os estilos ou padrões de confronto mais frequentes na amostra são aqueles que
os autores denominam de adaptativos ou positivos, ou seja, o “Desenvolve Competência e Optimismo” (M=3,93;
SD=0,73), “Adere ao tratamento” (M=3,98; SD=0,49;) e “ Procura Apoio” (M=2,72; SD=0,59). Estes resultados
vão de encontro aos estudos nesta área que evidenciam que a maioria das crianças com doença crónica consegue
adaptar-se de forma positiva à sua condição de doença (Barros, 2003). Outro dado muito interessante surge da
associação positiva e estatisticamente signi<cativa entre os estilos de coping e os resultados obtidos a nível do projecto
mais alargado sobre os per<s de adaptação das crianças, o que reforça a utilidade da sua avaliação enquanto
variável potencialmente preditora do processo de adaptação à doença
In the <eld of child health psychology research on coping has focused mainly on the description of the use of coping strategies, rather than in the analysis of children´s coping patterns or styles. Coping styles are relatively stable, trait-like patterns of strategies that children use to deal with their problems, particularly those that relate to the disease>is paper reports part of a larger research project aimed to study the impact of paediatric asthma on children’s psychological adjustment. >e goal of this particular study was to describe the frequency of use of diHerent coping styles in a sample of children with diagnosed asthma >e sample consisted of 87 children aged between 8 and 12 years old (M=9,71) who had physician diagnosed asthma, with severity ranging from intermittent to moderate-persistent. To assess the children´s coping styles the Portuguese version of the “Coping Health Inventory for Children” (Lima et al., 2009) was used. Results showed that the most frequently used type of strategies were: “Develops competence and optimism” (M=3,93; SD=0,73), “Adheres to treatment” (M=3,98; SD=0,49;) e “ Seeks support” (M=2,72; SD=0,59). >ese <ndings con<rm previous studies on children’s coping in general, as well as research on coping with chronic illness in childhood. Moreover, within the larger research project, asthmatic children´s coping styles were signi<- cantly related to their general level of adaptation, suggesting that coping style may stand as an important predictor in the process of adaptation to chronic illness.
In the <eld of child health psychology research on coping has focused mainly on the description of the use of coping strategies, rather than in the analysis of children´s coping patterns or styles. Coping styles are relatively stable, trait-like patterns of strategies that children use to deal with their problems, particularly those that relate to the disease>is paper reports part of a larger research project aimed to study the impact of paediatric asthma on children’s psychological adjustment. >e goal of this particular study was to describe the frequency of use of diHerent coping styles in a sample of children with diagnosed asthma >e sample consisted of 87 children aged between 8 and 12 years old (M=9,71) who had physician diagnosed asthma, with severity ranging from intermittent to moderate-persistent. To assess the children´s coping styles the Portuguese version of the “Coping Health Inventory for Children” (Lima et al., 2009) was used. Results showed that the most frequently used type of strategies were: “Develops competence and optimism” (M=3,93; SD=0,73), “Adheres to treatment” (M=3,98; SD=0,49;) e “ Seeks support” (M=2,72; SD=0,59). >ese <ndings con<rm previous studies on children’s coping in general, as well as research on coping with chronic illness in childhood. Moreover, within the larger research project, asthmatic children´s coping styles were signi<- cantly related to their general level of adaptation, suggesting that coping style may stand as an important predictor in the process of adaptation to chronic illness.
Description
Keywords
Doença crónica Criança Coping
Citation
Publisher
Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto