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Publication
Jamming-aware routing in military wireless sensor networks
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Authors
Abstract(s)
As ameaças presentes no campo de batalha estão em constante modificação, sendo que se tornaram
mais diversificadas e perigosas ao longo da História. Recentemente, tem-se intensificado o uso
de engenhos explosivos ativados à distância por sinais de rádio-frequência, como forma de ataque a
forças destacadas no combate contra o terrorismo, pelo que este ´e um problema com o qual as forças
terrestres se defrontam atualmente.
A guerrilha, assim como o terrorismo, são ameaças imprevisíveis, sem fronteiras e que podem
deflagrar a qualquer momento e em qualquer lugar. Os grupos guerrilheiros utilizam frequentemente
engenhos explosivos, como forma de ataque, sendo a proteção contra os mesmos essencial, num teatro
de operações.
Os jammers surgem como uma solução para a proteção da força contra explosivos ativados por
meios rádio, já que estes aparelhos conseguem impedir as comunicações wireless no seu raio de ação.
Por outro lado, as redes de sensores são também um elemento útil no teatro de operações, visto que
permitem vigilância de grandes áreas e por longos períodos de tempo. No entanto, é necessário ter
em conta que a comunicação entre nós da rede pode ser afetada pela utilização de jammers, quer
acidentalmente por parte de forças amigas, quer propositadamente por parte de forças inimigas.
E neste âmbito que surge o presente projeto, que tem como objectivo minimizar a disrupção da rede
de sensores devido `a utilização de jammers, utilizando uma técnica baseada na alteração das rotas
de encaminhamento de tráfego. Para isso, desenvolveu-se uma extensão ao protocolo Destination
Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV).
Para a escolha das rotas, o algoritmo utilizado baseia-se na posição geográfica dos nós e do jammer
e tem como objectivo desviar as rotas, quando possível, por nós suficientemente distantes em relação
ao jammer.
Neste trabalho não é elaborado nenhum algoritmo de detenção do jammer, já que se supõe que os
nós conhecem a sua localização e que têm um algoritmo de detenção da posição geográfica do mesmo,
sendo apenas elaborado um novo algoritmo de routing.
O algoritmo utilizado mostrou-se mais eficiente na situação descrita, tendo-se diminuído as perdas
em 20% em relação ao DSDV original, em versão manpack, e em 30% para montagens veiculares.
The Threats present in the battlefield are constantly changing, becoming more diversified and dangerous throughout History. Recently, the use of explosive devices, remotely activated by radio frequency signals, as a form of attack to deployed forces in the combat against terrorism, has been intensified. This is therefore a problem that land forces have to face nowadays. Guerrilla, as well as terrorism, is an unpredictable threat, without frontiers, that can happen anywhere at any time. Guerrilla groups often use explosive devices as form of attack. Protection against these attacks is essential in a theater of operations. Jammers appear as a solution to the protection of force against radio activated explosives, since these apparatus can prevent wireless communications within their action range. On the other hand, sensor networks are also a useful element in the battlefield, since they enable surveillance of large surfaces for long periods of time. However, it is necessary to have in consideration that network nodes communication may be affected by the use of jammers, either accidentally by friendly forces, or purposely by enemy forces. This project focus this area, with the objective of minimizing the disruption of sensors network owing to the use of jammers, using a technique based on adapting the traffic routes. For this purpose, an extension of Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) protocol has been used. For routes selection, the algorithm used is based on nodes and jammer geographic position and has the objective of deviating routes, when possible, keeping them far enough from the jammer. This thesis does not develop any algorithm for jammer detection, assuming that it is in place, running in the sensor network, allowing the nodes to know its position. It was only elaborated a new routing algorithm. Simulations show that the developed algorithm was efficient in the target situations having lost less 20% than the original DSDV for used jammers, in manpack version, and 30% less for vehicles assemblies.
The Threats present in the battlefield are constantly changing, becoming more diversified and dangerous throughout History. Recently, the use of explosive devices, remotely activated by radio frequency signals, as a form of attack to deployed forces in the combat against terrorism, has been intensified. This is therefore a problem that land forces have to face nowadays. Guerrilla, as well as terrorism, is an unpredictable threat, without frontiers, that can happen anywhere at any time. Guerrilla groups often use explosive devices as form of attack. Protection against these attacks is essential in a theater of operations. Jammers appear as a solution to the protection of force against radio activated explosives, since these apparatus can prevent wireless communications within their action range. On the other hand, sensor networks are also a useful element in the battlefield, since they enable surveillance of large surfaces for long periods of time. However, it is necessary to have in consideration that network nodes communication may be affected by the use of jammers, either accidentally by friendly forces, or purposely by enemy forces. This project focus this area, with the objective of minimizing the disruption of sensors network owing to the use of jammers, using a technique based on adapting the traffic routes. For this purpose, an extension of Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) protocol has been used. For routes selection, the algorithm used is based on nodes and jammer geographic position and has the objective of deviating routes, when possible, keeping them far enough from the jammer. This thesis does not develop any algorithm for jammer detection, assuming that it is in place, running in the sensor network, allowing the nodes to know its position. It was only elaborated a new routing algorithm. Simulations show that the developed algorithm was efficient in the target situations having lost less 20% than the original DSDV for used jammers, in manpack version, and 30% less for vehicles assemblies.
Description
Keywords
Redes de sensores sem fios Protocolos de encaminhamento Empastelamento