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O tráfico de substâncias dopantes enquadrado na Lei Antidopagem:caraterização do fenómeno e o papel da Polícia de Segurança Pública
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Desde os tempos antigos que o Homem procura aumentar o rendimento físico e ambiciona
a perfeição física e corporal em diversos contextos. O consumo de esteroides e hormonas
tornou-se habitual e generalizado. Procedemos à contextualização histórica deste consumo,
evolução legislativa preconizada internacionalmente, organizações envolvidas e
normativos concebidos atinentes ao combate à dopagem, principalmente no desporto,
apesar da disseminação noutras áreas. Analisámos a evolução da legislação portuguesa no
combate ao tráfico de substâncias dopantes e constatamos que progrediu ao longo dos
tempos. Evoluiu na última alteração legislativa, mas exige-se melhoramentos.
Caraterizámos o tráfico, internacional e nacional, de substâncias dopantes, distinguimos as
redes criminosas envolvidas, intervenientes, formas de tráfico, países produtores e
exportadores, métodos de transporte e venda. Encontrámos evidências que Portugal tornouse num país produtor de substâncias dopantes. Analisámos resultados operacionais
internacionais e nacionais, os quais são incipientes em Portugal, denotando-se passividade
pela generalidade das forças policiais. A Polícia Judiciária realizou algumas operações
relevantes e a Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira apresentou resultados, contudo reduzidos
quando comparados com Espanha e Reino Unido. Apurámos que a Polícia de Segurança
Pública não dedicou atenção a este fenómeno criminal e tem um longo caminho a percorrer
na prevenção e combate ao tráfico de substâncias dopantes.
Since ancient times, man has sought to increase physical performance and aspires for physical and body perfection in various contexts. The consumption of steroids and hormones has become habitual and widespread. We proceeded to a historical contextualisation of this consumption, the legislative evolution recommended internationally, the organisations involved and regulations designed to combat doping, especially in sports, despite its dissemination in other areas. We analysed the evolution of portuguese legislation in the fight against the trafficking of doping substances and we found that it has progressed over time. It has evolved with the last legislative amendment, but more improvements are needed. We have characterised the international and national trafficking of doping substances, we distinguished the criminal networks involved, stakeholders, forms of trafficking, producing and exporting countries, transportation methods and sale. We found evidence that Portugal has become a producer country of doping substances. We analysed international and national operational results, which are incipient in Portugal, denoting passivity by most police forces. The Judiciary Police carried out some relevant operations and the Tributary and Customs Authority presented results, however reduced, when compared to Spain and the United Kingdom. We ascertained that the Public Security Police has not dedicated attention to this criminal phenomenon and it has a long way to go in preventing and combating trafficking in doping substances.
Since ancient times, man has sought to increase physical performance and aspires for physical and body perfection in various contexts. The consumption of steroids and hormones has become habitual and widespread. We proceeded to a historical contextualisation of this consumption, the legislative evolution recommended internationally, the organisations involved and regulations designed to combat doping, especially in sports, despite its dissemination in other areas. We analysed the evolution of portuguese legislation in the fight against the trafficking of doping substances and we found that it has progressed over time. It has evolved with the last legislative amendment, but more improvements are needed. We have characterised the international and national trafficking of doping substances, we distinguished the criminal networks involved, stakeholders, forms of trafficking, producing and exporting countries, transportation methods and sale. We found evidence that Portugal has become a producer country of doping substances. We analysed international and national operational results, which are incipient in Portugal, denoting passivity by most police forces. The Judiciary Police carried out some relevant operations and the Tributary and Customs Authority presented results, however reduced, when compared to Spain and the United Kingdom. We ascertained that the Public Security Police has not dedicated attention to this criminal phenomenon and it has a long way to go in preventing and combating trafficking in doping substances.
Description
Keywords
dopagem, esteroides anabolizantes, hormonas, substâncias
dopantes, tráfico, doping, anabolic steroids, hormones, doping substances, trafficking