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Intervenções digitais para a prevenção da diabetes tipo 2
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 27.81 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) representa um significativo problema de saúde pública. Em Portugal, cerca de 14.1% da população entre os 20 e 79 anos vive com diabetes, o que corresponde a mais de um milhão de pessoas, na sua maioria com DT2. Em 2021, a diabetes teve um custo direto de 1400 a 1700 milhões de euros, o que corresponde a cerca de 0.8% do Produto Interno Bruto e 7% da despesa de saúde. O crescente aumento da prevalência e os custos associados a esta doença impulsionam a procura de intervenções digitais para a prevenção da DT2.
Objetivos: Contribuir para desenho de uma intervenção digital para prevenir a DT2 em adultos de alto risco, com base em teoria comportamental e em evidência científica.
Métodos: Primeiramente, foi realizado um mapeamento dos comportamentos-alvo de alto e baixo nível para a prevenção da DT2, recorrendo a recomendações nacionais e internacionais. Procedeu-se à extração do conteúdo das recomendações e identificação dos comportamentos. Numa segunda etapa, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura via PubMed para a identificação de determinantes (barreiras e facilitadores) dos comportamentos de alto nível. Utilizou-se o modelo COM-B para categorizar os determinantes dos comportamentos previamente identificados.
Resultados: Destacaram-se como comportamentos para a prevenção da DT2 a alimentação e a atividade física. Foram identificadas no total 54 barreiras e 28 facilitadores nos três domínios de modelos COM-B (capacidade, motivação e oportunidade). Existe uma escassez de estudos sobre determinantes da alimentação e atividade física em adultos com risco de diabetes tipo 2.
Conclusão: O mapeamento realizado confirma a importância da alimentação e da atividade física para a prevenção da DT2, e indicou comportamentos mais granulares a considerar no desenho da intervenção. As barreiras e facilitadores extraídos são um ponto de partida para a identificação de estratégias de mudança comportamental.
Indrodution: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a significant public health challenge. In Portugal, around 14.1% of the Population aged between 20 and 79 live with diabetes, which corresponds to more than one million people, mostly with T2D. In 2021, diabetes had a direct cost of 1400 to 1700 million euros, which corresponds to around 0.8 per cent of the gross domestic product and 7% of health expenditure. The increase in prevalence and associated costs with this disease, drive the search for digital interventions for T2D prevention. Objectives: To contribute to the design of a digital intercention to prevent T2D in high-risk adults, based on behavioral theory and scientific evidence. Methods: Firstly,a mapping of high and low level target behaviours for T2D prevention were conducted using national and international recommendations. The content of the recommendations was extracted, and the behaviors identified. In a second stage, a literature review was conducted via PubMed to identify determinants (barriers and facilitators) of high-level behaviors. The COM-B model was used to categorize the determinats of the previously identified behaviors. Results: Diet and physical activity stood out as behaviors for the prevention of T2D, as low-level behaviors identify. A total of 54 barriers and 28 facilitators were identified across the three of the COM-B model (capability, motivation and opportunity). There is a scarcity of studies on determinants of diet and physical activity in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: The conducted mapping confirms the importance of diet and physical activity for the prevention in type 2 diabetes and indicates more granular behaviors to consider in the Intervention design. The barriers and facilitators extracted are a strating point for identifying behavioral change strategies.
Indrodution: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a significant public health challenge. In Portugal, around 14.1% of the Population aged between 20 and 79 live with diabetes, which corresponds to more than one million people, mostly with T2D. In 2021, diabetes had a direct cost of 1400 to 1700 million euros, which corresponds to around 0.8 per cent of the gross domestic product and 7% of health expenditure. The increase in prevalence and associated costs with this disease, drive the search for digital interventions for T2D prevention. Objectives: To contribute to the design of a digital intercention to prevent T2D in high-risk adults, based on behavioral theory and scientific evidence. Methods: Firstly,a mapping of high and low level target behaviours for T2D prevention were conducted using national and international recommendations. The content of the recommendations was extracted, and the behaviors identified. In a second stage, a literature review was conducted via PubMed to identify determinants (barriers and facilitators) of high-level behaviors. The COM-B model was used to categorize the determinats of the previously identified behaviors. Results: Diet and physical activity stood out as behaviors for the prevention of T2D, as low-level behaviors identify. A total of 54 barriers and 28 facilitators were identified across the three of the COM-B model (capability, motivation and opportunity). There is a scarcity of studies on determinants of diet and physical activity in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: The conducted mapping confirms the importance of diet and physical activity for the prevention in type 2 diabetes and indicates more granular behaviors to consider in the Intervention design. The barriers and facilitators extracted are a strating point for identifying behavioral change strategies.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Diabetes tipo 2 Prevenção Comportamento Intervenção Barreiras Facilitadores