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Influência da genética e das engordas sobre o desempenho produtivo de suínos criados em 5 sistemas de produção
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a influência, das linhas genéticas,
das caraterísticas das engordas e do maneio pré-abate de suínos em 5
parâmetros: o peso médio bruto dos animais ao abate [PmB], o peso médio de
carcaça [PmC], o rendimento de carcaça [Rend], a idade média dos animais ao
abate [IDm] e a classificação das carcaças [CLC], segundo a classificação
europeia (SEUROP). Os porcos em estudo eram de 3 diferentes explorações
agro-pecuárias, sub-divididas em 5 sistemas de produção, as quais pertencem
à empresa Promorpec Lda.
Os sistemas de produção A1 e A2 pertencem à exploração A, têm
caraterísticas iguais nas engordas, mas diferem no genótipo dos animais, onde
A1 e A2 produzem porcos com genética Pietrain x Landrace e Large White x
Landrace, respetivamente.Os restantes sistemas de produção, B1, B2 e C
pertencem a explorações com diferentes caraterísticas nas engordas
(exploração B e C), mas têm em comum o genótipo dos animais Pietrain x (Large
White x Landrace).
Os porcos que obtiveram os pesos mais elevados dos 5 sistemas de
produção, foram os A2 (PmB = 105,887 Kg e PmC = 81,527 Kg) e os mais baixos
foi no A1 (PmB = 100,05 Kg e PmC = 77, 06 Kg). Apesar de ser o sistema com
o menor peso dos animais, o sistema de produção A1 é onde as carcaças
apresentam o maior rendimento (Rend = 77, 02%). O sistema que envia mais
cedo os animais para o abate é o A1 (IDm = 22,73 semanas de vida).
Em relação à classificação das carcaças, os sistemas que apresentaram a
melhor classificação (“S”), foram os sistemas A1 e B1, já o A2 foi o sistema que
apresentou a classificação de carcaças mais baixa (“E”).
Pode-se concluir que a exploração A é a que apresenta as melhores
condições para o crescimento dos suínos, e caso as restantes explorações
fossem idênticas, haveria menores custos de produção e os porcos poderiam ser
abatidos mais precocemente.
Palavras-chave: Sistema de produção; Suínos; Peso vivo; Peso de
carcaça; Idade de abate; Classificação de carcaça.
Abstract The aim of this work was to study the influence of genetic lines, fattening characteristics and pre-slaughter pig management on 5 parameters: the mean gross weight of animals at slaughter [PmB], the mean carcass weight [PmC], the carcass yield [Rend], the mean of animals age at slaughter and the carcass classification according to European classification (SEUROP). The pigs under study was from 3 different farms, sub-divided into 5 production systems, which belong to Promorpec Lda. Production systems A1 and A2 belong to farm A, they have the same fattening characteristics, but differ in animals genotype, where A1 and A2 produce pigs with genetics Pietrain x Landrace and Large White x Landrace, respectively. The other prodution systems, B1, B2 and C belong to holdings with different fattening characteristics (farm B and C), but have in common the animals genotype, Pietrain x (Large White x Landrace). The pigs that obtained the 5 production systems highest weights were A2 (PmB = 105.887 kg and PmC = 81.527 kg) and the lowest were A1 (PmB = 100.05 kg and PmC = 77.06 kg). Although it is the system with the lowest animals weight, the production system A1 is where the carcasses present highest yield (Rend = 77.02%). The system that sends the animals to slaughter earlier is A1 (IDm = 22.73 weeks of life). Regarding to carcass classification, the systems that presented the best classification ("S") were A1 and B1 systems, while A2 was the lowest system that presented carcass with classification ("E"). It can be concluded that holding A has the best conditions for the growth pigs, and if the remaining holdings were identical, there would be lower production costs and pigs could be slaughtered earlier. Key-words: Production system; Swine; Live weight; Carcass weight, Slaughter age; Carcass classification
Abstract The aim of this work was to study the influence of genetic lines, fattening characteristics and pre-slaughter pig management on 5 parameters: the mean gross weight of animals at slaughter [PmB], the mean carcass weight [PmC], the carcass yield [Rend], the mean of animals age at slaughter and the carcass classification according to European classification (SEUROP). The pigs under study was from 3 different farms, sub-divided into 5 production systems, which belong to Promorpec Lda. Production systems A1 and A2 belong to farm A, they have the same fattening characteristics, but differ in animals genotype, where A1 and A2 produce pigs with genetics Pietrain x Landrace and Large White x Landrace, respectively. The other prodution systems, B1, B2 and C belong to holdings with different fattening characteristics (farm B and C), but have in common the animals genotype, Pietrain x (Large White x Landrace). The pigs that obtained the 5 production systems highest weights were A2 (PmB = 105.887 kg and PmC = 81.527 kg) and the lowest were A1 (PmB = 100.05 kg and PmC = 77.06 kg). Although it is the system with the lowest animals weight, the production system A1 is where the carcasses present highest yield (Rend = 77.02%). The system that sends the animals to slaughter earlier is A1 (IDm = 22.73 weeks of life). Regarding to carcass classification, the systems that presented the best classification ("S") were A1 and B1 systems, while A2 was the lowest system that presented carcass with classification ("E"). It can be concluded that holding A has the best conditions for the growth pigs, and if the remaining holdings were identical, there would be lower production costs and pigs could be slaughtered earlier. Key-words: Production system; Swine; Live weight; Carcass weight, Slaughter age; Carcass classification
Description
Keywords
Sistema de produção Suínos Peso vivo Peso de carcaça Idade de abate Classificação de carcaça