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Incremento da resiliência aos incêndios florestais na Área Integrada de Gestão da Paisagem de Alva e Alvoco 2
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Abstract(s)
Os incêndios florestais embora ecologicamente necessários para alguns ecossistemas,constituem uma ameaça séria para pessoas, bens e recursos naturais nos paísesmediterrânicos.Assumindo a qualidade da paisagem no meio rural como fundamental para a valorizaçãoe desenvolvimento dos territórios e para a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, com a criaçãodo Programa de Transformação da Paisagem, foi possível impulsionar a implementaçãode Áreas Integradas de Gestão da Paisagem entre as comunidades.Com este trabalho pretende-se perceber qual o comportamento do fogo na AIGP de Alvae Alvoco 2, com o incremento da resiliência na paisagem e apresentar evidências de quecom este incremento, que implica alterações no uso/ocupação do solo, e com aimplementação de ações de gestão florestal, há uma redução do impacto de incêndios napaisagem.Esta AIGP insere-se no concelho de Oliveira do Hospital, e atualmente encontra-seocupada essencialmente por regeneração natural de pinheiro bravo e espécies invasoraslenhosas, onde é evidente o crescimento de medronheiro e outras folhosas.Foram feitas 12 simulações em quatro cenários de ignição – sudoeste, sudeste, noroestee nordeste, na paisagem atual da AIGP, na paisagem com incremento da estrutura deresiliência e na paisagem ideal. Estes cenários tiveram por base o histórico de incêndio, ea forma como estes se propagaram e entraram na AIGP de Alva e Alvoco 2.Analisando os parâmetros de comportamento do fogo em cada um dos cenários de igniçãosimulados, foi possível verificar que na paisagem atual (sem intervenção), grande parteda AIGP apresentava comprimentos de chama superiores a 3 metros, velocidades depropagação superiores a 3 m/min e, intensidades de frente de chama superiores a 3500kw/m, traduzindo-se em incêndios de intensidade elevada, onde as ações de combate sãodifíceis. No caso da paisagem com estrutura da resiliência e na paisagem ideal, osparâmetros do comportamento do fogo foram inferiores no caso do comprimento dechama, a 1,22 m, no caso da velocidade de propagação, inferiores a 1 m/min e, no casoda intensidade da frente de chama, inferiores a 350 kw/m, onde facilmente o incêndio écontrolável por ataque direto com recurso a ferramentas manuais.
Forest fires, although ecologically necessary for ecosystems, are a serious threat topeople, their assets, and natural resources in Mediterranean countries.Assuming the quality of the landscape in rural areas as fundamental for the valorizationand development of the territories and for the quality of life of citizens, with the creationof the Landscape Transformation Programme, it was possible to boost the implementationof Integrated Landscape Management Areas among the communities.With this work, we intend to understand the behaviour of the fire in AIGP of Alva andAlvoco 2, with the increase of the resilience of the landscape, and to present evidence thatthis increase implies alterations in the uses of the soil, and with the implementation offorest management actions, there is a reduction of the impact of fires on the landscape.This AIGP is located in the municipality of Oliveira do Hospital, and is currently foundto be occupied essentially by the natural regeneration of the cluster pines and woodyinvasive species, where there is evident growth of strawberry trees and other hardwood.12 simulations were done in four different scenarios of ignition in different quadrants, inthe current landscape of AIGP, in the landscape with the increase in resilience structure,and in the ideal landscape.By analyzing the fire behavior parameters in each of the simulated ignition scenarios, itwas possible to see that in the current landscape (without intervention), a large part of theAIGP had flame lengths of more than 3 meters, propagation speeds of more than 3 m/minand flame front intensities of more than 3500 kw/m, which translates into a high fire riskclass, meaning high intensity fires, which in the forest environment can partially involvethe canopies, where combat actions are difficult.In the case of the landscape where the implementation of the resilience structure wasconsidered and in the ideal landscape, the fire behavior parameters were less than 1.22 min the case of flame length, less than 1 m/min in the case of propagation speed and lessthan 350 kw/m in the case of flame front intensity, resulting in a low fire riskclassification, where the fire is easily controlled by direct attack using hand tools.
Forest fires, although ecologically necessary for ecosystems, are a serious threat topeople, their assets, and natural resources in Mediterranean countries.Assuming the quality of the landscape in rural areas as fundamental for the valorizationand development of the territories and for the quality of life of citizens, with the creationof the Landscape Transformation Programme, it was possible to boost the implementationof Integrated Landscape Management Areas among the communities.With this work, we intend to understand the behaviour of the fire in AIGP of Alva andAlvoco 2, with the increase of the resilience of the landscape, and to present evidence thatthis increase implies alterations in the uses of the soil, and with the implementation offorest management actions, there is a reduction of the impact of fires on the landscape.This AIGP is located in the municipality of Oliveira do Hospital, and is currently foundto be occupied essentially by the natural regeneration of the cluster pines and woodyinvasive species, where there is evident growth of strawberry trees and other hardwood.12 simulations were done in four different scenarios of ignition in different quadrants, inthe current landscape of AIGP, in the landscape with the increase in resilience structure,and in the ideal landscape.By analyzing the fire behavior parameters in each of the simulated ignition scenarios, itwas possible to see that in the current landscape (without intervention), a large part of theAIGP had flame lengths of more than 3 meters, propagation speeds of more than 3 m/minand flame front intensities of more than 3500 kw/m, which translates into a high fire riskclass, meaning high intensity fires, which in the forest environment can partially involvethe canopies, where combat actions are difficult.In the case of the landscape where the implementation of the resilience structure wasconsidered and in the ideal landscape, the fire behavior parameters were less than 1.22 min the case of flame length, less than 1 m/min in the case of propagation speed and lessthan 350 kw/m in the case of flame front intensity, resulting in a low fire riskclassification, where the fire is easily controlled by direct attack using hand tools.
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Keywords
gestão florestal comportamento do fogo resiliência