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Piroplasmose Equina: Diagnóstico Molecular e Avaliação de Alterações Hematológicas em Cavalos Com doença Clínica e Subclínica
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A piroplasmose equina é uma doença parasitária transmitida por carraças, causada pelos
protozoários Babesia caballi, Theileria equi e pela nova espécie Theileria haneryi,
manifestando-se clinicamente com uma ampla variedade de sintomas, que podem ir desde
formas subclínicas a formas graves, como febre, anemia hemolítica, icterícia e insuficiência
renal. A gravidade da infeção depende da espécie do parasita e da resposta imunológica
do hospedeiro, sendo que animais infetados podem tornar-se reservatórios a longo prazo;
Babesia caballi pode autolimitar-se ao fim de quatro anos, enquanto Theileria equi pode
persistir durante toda a vida do equino. A disseminação da doença é condicionada pela
distribuição dos vetores, condições ambientais e presença de hospedeiros suscetíveis,
tendo um impacto económico significativo, especialmente em zonas endémicas, onde o
comércio de equídeos pode ser prejudicado. O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para
o controlo da doença e a prevenção de complicações graves, sendo que métodos
moleculares como a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e o ensaio de imunoabsorção
enzimática (ELISA) demonstram ser mais eficazes na deteção precoce e precisa dos
parasitas, comparativamente às técnicas tradicionais, como a observação de esfregaços
sanguíneos. Este estudo, desenvolvido na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da
Universidade de Lisboa durante o estágio realizado entre 12/02/2024 e 10/06/2024, teve
como objetivo investigar a piroplasmose equina integrando dados hematológicos, com
uma análise a 28 equídeos, dos quais 6 testaram positivo para Theileria equi e 0 para Babesia
caballi. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos (positivos e negativos para
piroplasmose), e as médias dos parâmetros hematológicos de ambos foram comparadas.
As alterações hematológicas nos equídeos infetados incluíram um aumento discreto dos
neutrófilos e uma leucopénia acentuada. Esta análise das alterações hematológicas visa
melhorar o diagnóstico e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias mais eficazes
de tratamento e prevenção, promovendo um controlo mais eficiente da piroplasmose
equina.
Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease caused by the protozoa Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and the new species Theileria haneryi. It manifests clinically with a wide variety of symptoms, which can range from subclinical to severe forms such as fever, haemolytic anaemia, jaundice and kidney failure. The severity of the infection depends on the species of parasite and the host's immune response, and infected animals can become long-term reservoirs; Babesia caballi can self-limit after four years, while Theileria equi can persist throughout the equine's life. The spread of the disease is conditioned by the distribution of vectors, environmental conditions and the presence of susceptible hosts, and has a significant economic impact, especially in endemic areas, where the equine trade can be jeopardised. Early diagnosis is fundamental for controlling the disease and preventing serious complications. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have proved to be more effective in detecting parasites early and accurately than traditional techniques such as looking at blood smears. This study, carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon during my internship between 12/02/2024 and 10/06/2024, aimed to investigate equine piroplasmosis by integrating haematological data, with an analysis of 28 horses, 6 of which tested positive for Theileria equi and 0 for Babesia caballi. The animals were divided into two groups (positive and negative for piroplasmosis), and the averages of the haematological parameters of both were compared. Haematological changes in the infected horses included a slight increase in neutrophils and marked leukopenia. This analysis of haematological changes aims to improve diagnosis and contribute to the development of more effective treatment and prevention strategies, promoting more efficient control of equine piroplasmosis.
Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease caused by the protozoa Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and the new species Theileria haneryi. It manifests clinically with a wide variety of symptoms, which can range from subclinical to severe forms such as fever, haemolytic anaemia, jaundice and kidney failure. The severity of the infection depends on the species of parasite and the host's immune response, and infected animals can become long-term reservoirs; Babesia caballi can self-limit after four years, while Theileria equi can persist throughout the equine's life. The spread of the disease is conditioned by the distribution of vectors, environmental conditions and the presence of susceptible hosts, and has a significant economic impact, especially in endemic areas, where the equine trade can be jeopardised. Early diagnosis is fundamental for controlling the disease and preventing serious complications. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have proved to be more effective in detecting parasites early and accurately than traditional techniques such as looking at blood smears. This study, carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon during my internship between 12/02/2024 and 10/06/2024, aimed to investigate equine piroplasmosis by integrating haematological data, with an analysis of 28 horses, 6 of which tested positive for Theileria equi and 0 for Babesia caballi. The animals were divided into two groups (positive and negative for piroplasmosis), and the averages of the haematological parameters of both were compared. Haematological changes in the infected horses included a slight increase in neutrophils and marked leukopenia. This analysis of haematological changes aims to improve diagnosis and contribute to the development of more effective treatment and prevention strategies, promoting more efficient control of equine piroplasmosis.
Description
Keywords
Piroplasmose equina Babesia caballi Theileria equi Carraças Diagnóstico molecular PCR, ELISA Alterações hematológicas Equine piroplasmosis Molecular diagnosis Haematological changes
Citation
Angeiras, R,A,C, (2024). Piroplasmose Equina: Diagnóstico Molecular e Avaliação de Alterações Hematológicas em Cavalos Com doença Clínica e Subclínica. Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas. Dissertação de licenciatura. Repositório
Publisher
Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas