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Publication
O biofilme na prótese dentária : patogénese e controlo
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| 2.54 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O microbioma oral é caracterizado por uma grande diversidade bacteriana, e as bactérias comensais e patogénicas do meio partilham um equilíbrio dinâmico a que
chamamos simbiose. É importante conhecer tanto a microbiota como o microbioma oral
a fim de podermos identificar os diferentes microrganismos que fazem parte da cavidade
oral, bem como, as suas interacções.
O biofilme é uma estrutura microbiana altamente especializada conhecida pela sua resistência a antimicrobianos. Na cavidade oral, bem como noutras localizações do nosso corpo, tem a capacidade de integrar agentes patogénicos que são capazes de alterar o equilíbrio do microbioma e instalar um estado de disbiose que pode desencadear doenças como a cárie, a doença periodontal, a estomatite protética, patologias respiratórias e cardiovasculares.
Com o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de tratamento e melhoria dos cuidados de saúde, verifica-se um aumento da população idosa, e consequente procura de tratamentos dentários que resolvam a situação de edentulismo que se verifica com o
avançar da idade.
A prótese removível continua a ser uma das propostas terapêuticas de eleição visto
que, apresenta uma relação preço/qualidade acessível para a maioria da população.
No entanto, uma das suas desvantagens é a acumulação de microrganismos na sua
base protética e consequente formação do biofilme. Com o objectivo de resolver esta
situação têm sido desenvolvidas técnicas de controlo e eliminação do biofilme, através
da utilização de soluções antimicrobianas e da introdução de nanopartículas com
propriedades antimicrobianas nas resinas acrílicas, mas, sem interferir nas propriedades
físicas e mecânicas da estrutura da prótese.
The oral microbiome is characterized by a large bacterial variety where commensal and pathogenic bacteria of oral cavity share a dynamic balance called simbiosis. It is important to understand the microbiota and the oral microbiome in order to identify the different microorganisms that constitute the oral cavity as well as their interactions. The term biofilm encompasses a highly specialized polimicrobial community characterized by its antibiotic resistance. In the oral cavity as well as in other parts of human body, the biofilm has the capacity to integrate pathogens, alter the microbiome’s balance and install a state of disbiosis state that could originate diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, denture stomatitis, respiratory and cardiovascular patologies. The continuous development of new treatment strategies in health care services causes an increase in elderly population and consequent pursuit of dental treatment that could solve the problem of edentulism caused by age progression. Removable dentures, today, remain one of the preferrable therapeutic choices for the most part of population due to its affordable cost/quality. This happens despite their known disadvantages, such as enabling accumulation of microrganisms on the denture base and biofilm formation. Techniques have been implemented in order to control and eliminate the biofilm. These include the application of antimicrobial solutions and also the introduction of nanoparticles in acrylic resins with antimicrobial properties but, without impairing the denture’s physical and mechanical properties.
The oral microbiome is characterized by a large bacterial variety where commensal and pathogenic bacteria of oral cavity share a dynamic balance called simbiosis. It is important to understand the microbiota and the oral microbiome in order to identify the different microorganisms that constitute the oral cavity as well as their interactions. The term biofilm encompasses a highly specialized polimicrobial community characterized by its antibiotic resistance. In the oral cavity as well as in other parts of human body, the biofilm has the capacity to integrate pathogens, alter the microbiome’s balance and install a state of disbiosis state that could originate diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, denture stomatitis, respiratory and cardiovascular patologies. The continuous development of new treatment strategies in health care services causes an increase in elderly population and consequent pursuit of dental treatment that could solve the problem of edentulism caused by age progression. Removable dentures, today, remain one of the preferrable therapeutic choices for the most part of population due to its affordable cost/quality. This happens despite their known disadvantages, such as enabling accumulation of microrganisms on the denture base and biofilm formation. Techniques have been implemented in order to control and eliminate the biofilm. These include the application of antimicrobial solutions and also the introduction of nanoparticles in acrylic resins with antimicrobial properties but, without impairing the denture’s physical and mechanical properties.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Biofilme Biofilme oral Microbioma oral Microbiota oral Microbiologia Prótese Prótese removível Edentulismo Portador de prótese