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Dirofilariose Canina: Diagnóstico, Tratamento e Prevalência em Portugal
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A dirofilariose canina, causada por Dirofilaria immitis, é uma zoonose transmitida por vetores que tem
apresentado um aumento da prevalência em Portugal. Esta doença parasitária pode causar
complicações cardiovasculares graves, tornando o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado
essenciais para o prognóstico dos animais afetados. Neste estudo, são analisados os principais
métodos diagnósticos utilizados, incluindo a deteção de antigénios, a identificação de microfilárias,
técnicas moleculares e imagiologia, destacando a importância da combinação dessas ferramentas para
uma avaliação precisa da infeção e do grau de comprometimento cardiovascular.
No tratamento, destacam-se as abordagens profiláticas, como o uso de medicamentos preventivos e
o controlo do vetor, bem como tratamentos médicos e intervenções cirúrgicas nos casos avançados.
A gestão integrada da doença contribui para a redução da mortalidade e melhoria da qualidade de
vida dos cães afetados.
A prevalência da dirofilariose em Portugal tem apresentado uma tendência crescente, especialmente
nas regiões costeiras, com variações regionais que refletem fatores climáticos, urbanização e
conscientização dos proprietários. As alterações climáticas globais e o aumento das temperaturas
médias favorecem a expansão dos vetores para novas áreas, intensificando a disseminação da doença
em zonas anteriormente não endémicas.
Além disso, a implementação do conceito “Uma Só Saúde” é fundamental para a cooperação entre
médicos, veterinários e autoridades sanitárias, visando o controle da transmissão e a proteção da
saúde pública, animal e ambiental. O presente estudo destaca a importância de abordagens
multidisciplinares para mitigar o impacto crescente da dirofilariose em Portugal, especialmente diante
das mudanças ambientais e dos desafios epidemiológicos atuais. Reforça-se também a necessidade de
vigilância contínua, que é essencial para mitigar a transmissão e seu impacto na saúde animal e pública
em Portugal.
Canine dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is a vector-borne zoonosis with increasing prevalence in Portugal. This parasitic disease can cause severe cardiovascular complications, making early diagnosis and appropriate treatment essential for the prognosis of affected animals. This study analyzes the main diagnostic methods used, including antigen detection, microfilariae identification, molecular techniques, and imaging, highlighting the importance of combining these tools for accurate assessment of infection and the degree of cardiovascular involvement. Regarding treatment, prophylactic approaches such as preventive medications and vector control stand out, as well as medical therapies and surgical interventions in advanced cases. Integrated disease management contributes to reducing mortality and improving the quality of life of affected dogs. The prevalence of dirofilariasis in Portugal has shown an increasing trend, especially in coastal regions, with regional variations reflecting climatic factors, urbanization, and owner awareness. Global climate changes and rising average temperatures favor the expansion of the vector into new areas, intensifying the spread of the disease in previously non-endemic zones. Furthermore, the implementation of the “One Health” concept is fundamental for cooperation among physicians, veterinarians, and health authorities, aiming at controlling transmission and protecting both public and animal health. This study emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to mitigate the growing impact of dirofilariasis in Portugal, especially in light of environmental changes and current epidemiological challenges. It also reinforces the need for continuous surveillance, which is essential to reduce transmission and its impact on both animal and public health.
Canine dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is a vector-borne zoonosis with increasing prevalence in Portugal. This parasitic disease can cause severe cardiovascular complications, making early diagnosis and appropriate treatment essential for the prognosis of affected animals. This study analyzes the main diagnostic methods used, including antigen detection, microfilariae identification, molecular techniques, and imaging, highlighting the importance of combining these tools for accurate assessment of infection and the degree of cardiovascular involvement. Regarding treatment, prophylactic approaches such as preventive medications and vector control stand out, as well as medical therapies and surgical interventions in advanced cases. Integrated disease management contributes to reducing mortality and improving the quality of life of affected dogs. The prevalence of dirofilariasis in Portugal has shown an increasing trend, especially in coastal regions, with regional variations reflecting climatic factors, urbanization, and owner awareness. Global climate changes and rising average temperatures favor the expansion of the vector into new areas, intensifying the spread of the disease in previously non-endemic zones. Furthermore, the implementation of the “One Health” concept is fundamental for cooperation among physicians, veterinarians, and health authorities, aiming at controlling transmission and protecting both public and animal health. This study emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to mitigate the growing impact of dirofilariasis in Portugal, especially in light of environmental changes and current epidemiological challenges. It also reinforces the need for continuous surveillance, which is essential to reduce transmission and its impact on both animal and public health.
Description
Keywords
Canídeos Diagnóstico Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilariose Tratamento Portugal Prevalência Canine Diagnosis Treatment Prevalence