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Publication
Características dos Clusters Criativos e o seu Papel na Dinamização do Empreendedorismo
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| 32.71 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A economia criativa gerada por indústrias criativas, através da junção de aspectos económicos,
sociais e culturais em interação com a tecnologia, propriedade intelectual e talento, para além da
criação de riqueza, de emprego, de crescimento das exportações e de desenvolvimento urbano,
contribui também fortemente para a inclusão social, diversidade cultural e desenvolvimento
humano.
A revisão da literatura permitiu concluir que nos últimos anos se tem assistido a um aumento muito
significativo de estudos académicos que têm como base a criação e desenvolvimento de clusters
industriais por todo o mundo. Apesar da existência de diversos estudos publicados sobre as
características dos clusters industriais, a literatura sobre clusters criativos é relativamente recente,
e, apesar da sua relevância nas economias mundiais, em Portugal, os estudos sobre clusters
criativos têm sido divulgados principalmente sobre a forma de relatórios.
Pretendeu-se com este trabalho (i) identificar os fatores determinantes e as características dos
clusters criativos divulgados na literatura, e (ii) discutir o impacto que os clusters de indústrias
criativas têm na atual conjuntura económica e o seu papel no desenvolvimento económico,
empregabilidade e empreendedorismo, e assim contribuir para uma melhor compreensão sobre o
tema.
Para tal, efetuou-se um estudo de caso ao LXFactory, situado em Lisboa. Em termos
metodológicos foram usados métodos qualitativos (i.e. entrevista semiestruturada ao responsável
pela dinamização do LXFactory) e quantitativos, através de um inquérito estruturado em cinco
partes distintas destinado a toda a população de empresas residentes do LXFactory. O cruzamento
da informação recolhida, permitiu-nos observar o grau de perceção do responsável/dinamizador em
relação às expectativas dos empreendedores criativos do LXFactory. A confrontação dos resultados
do inquérito e da entrevista, com base no conhecimento extraído da revisão bibliográfica, permitiu
(i) concluir que o LXFactory é efetivamente um cluster de indústria criativa; (ii) identificar os
fatores determinantes e características, identificados na literatura; (iii) confirmar o papel deste
cluster como dinamizador de empreendedorismo; (iv) perceber até que ponto a sustentabilidade
económica das novas indústrias estava dependente de apoios governamentais, políticos e regionais;
e (v) confirmar, no caso concreto do LXFactory, como cluster criativo, que o estímulo ao
empreendedorismo deriva de uma oportunidade e não de uma solução.
Apart from wealth creation, employment and the increase of exportations, the creative economy generated by creative industries through the combination of economic, social and cultural aspects interacting with technology, intellectual property and talent also strongly contribute to social inclusion, cultural diversity and human development. The literature review revealed that an increasing number of academic studies have been published regarding the creation and the development of industrial clusters worldwide. Although we can find several published studies on industrial clusters profiles, the literature on creative clusters is quite recent. Moreover, is spite of these studies being important for global economies, in Portugal published studies are still rare to find and only non-published reports are available. This work aims (i) to identify and to analyse the mains determinants and characteristics of creative clusters’ presented on the literature and (ii) to evaluate the impact that clusters of creative industries have in the current economic situation as well as its role on economic development, employment and entrepreneurship in order to provide a better understanding of the subject. To that end, a case-study (LXFactory) was be undertaken, based on a survey structured in 5 distinct parts, to every undertaking located at LXFactory, which allowed us (i) to classify LXFactory as a creative industry cluster; (ii) to identify the characteristics and determining factors identified on the literature; (iii) to confirm its role as a promoter of the entrepreneurship; (iv) to understand how much dependent are the economic sustainability of the new industries from governmental, political and regional support; and (v) to test that entrepreneurship comes from an opportunity instead from a solution. Finally, some in-depth interviews to those responsible for the promotion of the LXFactory were carried out. Its results, combined with the data obtained from the survey, allowed us to notice their perception degree concerning the LXFactory creative entrepreneur’s expectations.
Apart from wealth creation, employment and the increase of exportations, the creative economy generated by creative industries through the combination of economic, social and cultural aspects interacting with technology, intellectual property and talent also strongly contribute to social inclusion, cultural diversity and human development. The literature review revealed that an increasing number of academic studies have been published regarding the creation and the development of industrial clusters worldwide. Although we can find several published studies on industrial clusters profiles, the literature on creative clusters is quite recent. Moreover, is spite of these studies being important for global economies, in Portugal published studies are still rare to find and only non-published reports are available. This work aims (i) to identify and to analyse the mains determinants and characteristics of creative clusters’ presented on the literature and (ii) to evaluate the impact that clusters of creative industries have in the current economic situation as well as its role on economic development, employment and entrepreneurship in order to provide a better understanding of the subject. To that end, a case-study (LXFactory) was be undertaken, based on a survey structured in 5 distinct parts, to every undertaking located at LXFactory, which allowed us (i) to classify LXFactory as a creative industry cluster; (ii) to identify the characteristics and determining factors identified on the literature; (iii) to confirm its role as a promoter of the entrepreneurship; (iv) to understand how much dependent are the economic sustainability of the new industries from governmental, political and regional support; and (v) to test that entrepreneurship comes from an opportunity instead from a solution. Finally, some in-depth interviews to those responsible for the promotion of the LXFactory were carried out. Its results, combined with the data obtained from the survey, allowed us to notice their perception degree concerning the LXFactory creative entrepreneur’s expectations.
Description
Keywords
Cluster Indústria Criatividade Empreendedorismo