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Estudo da fertilidade em vacadas de carne no alentejo
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Abstract(s)
O tema da fertilidade em bovinos de carne assume exponencialmente um aspecto de grande relevância na gestão económica das explorações pecuárias em Portugal. Além do significado no maneio dos efectivos, um correcto e eficaz controlo reprodutivo contribui também para uma melhoria da rentabilidade produtiva e, consequentemente, financeira sendo por isso fundamental para os produtores de bovinos.
Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar individualmente os índices de fertilidade de um conjunto de 15 explorações de bovinos de carne seleccionadas para o efeito, baseada no requisito de ausência de intervenção no controlo reprodutivo.
A eficiência reprodutiva das explorações foi analisada através do cálculo do intervalo entre partos (IEP) e da fertilidade anual. Também foi analisada a distribuição mensal de partos e a distribuição etária dos efectivos. O intervalo entre parto foi submetido a análise de variância para se verificar quais os factores ambientais (exploração, tipo de reprodução, ano e estação de parto, sexo do vitelo, raça/genótipo da fêmea e do vitelo, distrito e idade da vaca ao parto) que o influenciam.
A informação utilizada foi obtida através de questionários realizados aos produtores e pelos dados fornecidos que incluíram o número total do efectivo, número de fêmeas adultas, número de novilhas, número de machos reprodutores, número de vitelos nascidos/ano, número de abortos/ano, raça, época reprodutiva, identificação e data de nascimento dos animais e partos ocorridos entre 2010 e 2014.
Os índices de fertilidade calculados ficaram abaixo dos valores considerados ideais para bovinos de carne (365 dias). A média mais alta da fertilidade anual de todas as explorações foi no ano de 2010 com 79% e a média mais baixa nos anos de 2013 e 2014 com 73%.
Estes resultados confirmam a importância da aplicação de um maneio reprodutivo adequado na exploração de modo a melhorar a fertilidade e consequente rentabilidade.
The fertility theme in beef cattle exponentially assumes a highly relevant aspect in economic management of livestock farms in Portugal. Beyond the meaning of the effective management, the reproduction control also contributes to more and better production profitability and consequently financial, being the main purpose of producers. This study was based on analyzing the fertility rates for each livestock farm selected for this purpose. This selection was based on the intervention of no requirement in the reproductive control. The analysis of the reproductive efficiency of livestock farms was held by calculation the interval calving and annual fertility, it was also analyzed the monthly distribution of births, the age distribution of effective cattle, the effect of age at calving interval and the range distribution between births per livestock farm as well as the analysis of several factors about the calving interval. The information was obtained through questionnaires conducted the producers and the data provided that the total number includes all the effective cattle; the number of adult females; the number of heifers; the number of breeding males; the number of calves born / year; number of abortions / year; cattle breed, reproductive season; number of SIA and cow age and the birth dates included in the time interval (2010-2014). The fertility rates calculated were below the values considered ideal. The highest average fertility in all of the livestock farms was in 2010 with 79% and the lowest average in the years 2013 and 2014 with 73%. These results confirm the importance of the implementation of a management reproductive on the livestock farms to improve fertility and profitability.
The fertility theme in beef cattle exponentially assumes a highly relevant aspect in economic management of livestock farms in Portugal. Beyond the meaning of the effective management, the reproduction control also contributes to more and better production profitability and consequently financial, being the main purpose of producers. This study was based on analyzing the fertility rates for each livestock farm selected for this purpose. This selection was based on the intervention of no requirement in the reproductive control. The analysis of the reproductive efficiency of livestock farms was held by calculation the interval calving and annual fertility, it was also analyzed the monthly distribution of births, the age distribution of effective cattle, the effect of age at calving interval and the range distribution between births per livestock farm as well as the analysis of several factors about the calving interval. The information was obtained through questionnaires conducted the producers and the data provided that the total number includes all the effective cattle; the number of adult females; the number of heifers; the number of breeding males; the number of calves born / year; number of abortions / year; cattle breed, reproductive season; number of SIA and cow age and the birth dates included in the time interval (2010-2014). The fertility rates calculated were below the values considered ideal. The highest average fertility in all of the livestock farms was in 2010 with 79% and the lowest average in the years 2013 and 2014 with 73%. These results confirm the importance of the implementation of a management reproductive on the livestock farms to improve fertility and profitability.
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Keywords
Fertilidade Intervalo entre partos Maneio reprodutivo Produtividade