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Análise de amostras da Kosmicare por técnicas cromatográficas e espetroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear
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O panorama europeu relativo às substâncias de abuso tem sofrido alterações profundas ao longo dos séculos, refletindo na evolução dos padrões de consumo e adaptações constantes do mercado ilícito. Atualmente, observa-se um aumento das novas substâncias psicoativas (NPS), que representam um desafio crescente para a saúde pública, autoridades reguladoras e entidades de investigação. Apenas em 2024, foram reportadas 47 novas NPS na Europa. Neste contexto, a monitorização destas substâncias assume um importante papel na deteção precoce e na implementação de estratégias de redução de riscos, nomeadamente através dos serviços de drug checking (DCS). O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em colaboração com a Kosmicare, tendo como objetivos a análise de 337 amostras recolhidas pelo DCS entre 2020 e 2025, de modo a
identificar as substâncias presentes, avaliar padrões de consumo, caracterizar agentes de corte e monitorizar NPS emergentes. As amostras foram analisadas recorrendo à cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC-MS) e, quando necessário, à espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR), técnicas que permitem caracterizar a composição química das amostras. No total foram identificadas 24 diferentes substâncias conhecidas, das quais se destacam a cocaína, heroína e 3,4-metilenodioximetanfetamina (MDMA), bem como alguns dos seus derivados e, ainda, substâncias dissociativas, como a 2-fluoro descloroketamina. Foram também detetados nas amostras os canabinoides naftalen-1-il-(1-pentilindazol-3-il)metanona (THJ-018) e hexahidrocanabinol (HHC). Salienta-se a primeira deteção de um novo nitazeno (5-ciano isotodesnitazeno) numa amostra de rua, o que reforça a importância da monitorização contínua das substâncias de abuso. Neste estudo também foi possível detetar a presença de agentes de corte na maioria das amostras, evidenciando os riscos adicionais associados ao consumo de substâncias cortadas. Entre as substâncias mais prevalentes destacam-se a MDMA e a cocaína. Em suma, este estudo contribuiu para uma melhor compreensão do perfil das substâncias de abuso encontradas no serviço de DCS da Kosmicare ao longo dos últimos anos. Para além de refletir as tendências de consumo, permitiu detetar uma nova NPS no mercado ilícito, reforçando a importância da monitorização e da colaboração entre os serviços de redução de riscos e os laboratórios na resposta aos desafios colocados por estas substâncias.
The European landscape of substances of abuse has undergone profound changes over the centuries, reflecting the evolution of consumption patterns and the constant adaptations of the illicit market. At present, there is an increasing emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS), which represent a growing challenge for public health, regulatory authorities, and research institutions. Only in 2024, 47 new NPS were reported in Europe. In this context, the monitoring of these substances plays an important role in their early detection and in the implementation of harm reduction strategies, namely through drug checking services (DCS). The present work was carried out in collaboration with Kosmicare, with the objectives of analysing 337 samples collected by the DCS between 2020 and 2025, in order to identify the substances present, evaluate patterns of consumption, characterise cutting agents, and monitor emerging NPS. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and, when necessary, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), techniques that allow for the characterisation of the chemical composition of the samples. In total, 24 different known substances were identified, among which cocaine, heroin, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were the most prominent, as well as some of their derivatives and dissociative substances such as 2-fluoro deschloroketamine. The cannabinoids naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindazol-3-yl)methanone (THJ-018) and hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) were also detected in the samples. Of particular note is the first detection, in a street sample, of a new nitazene (5-cyano isotodesnitazene) which reinforces the importance of continuous monitoring of substances of abuse. This study also made it possible to detect the presence of cutting agents in most of the analysed samples, highlighting the additional risks associated with the consumption of adulterated substances. Among the most prevalent substances were MDMA and cocaine. In summary, this study contributed to a better understanding of the profile of substances of abuse identified in the Kosmicare DCS over recent years. In addition to reflecting current consumption trends, it also enabled the detection of a new NPS in the illicit market, reinforcing the importance of ongoing monitoring and collaboration between harm reduction services and analytical laboratories in responding to the challenges posed by these substances.
The European landscape of substances of abuse has undergone profound changes over the centuries, reflecting the evolution of consumption patterns and the constant adaptations of the illicit market. At present, there is an increasing emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS), which represent a growing challenge for public health, regulatory authorities, and research institutions. Only in 2024, 47 new NPS were reported in Europe. In this context, the monitoring of these substances plays an important role in their early detection and in the implementation of harm reduction strategies, namely through drug checking services (DCS). The present work was carried out in collaboration with Kosmicare, with the objectives of analysing 337 samples collected by the DCS between 2020 and 2025, in order to identify the substances present, evaluate patterns of consumption, characterise cutting agents, and monitor emerging NPS. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and, when necessary, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), techniques that allow for the characterisation of the chemical composition of the samples. In total, 24 different known substances were identified, among which cocaine, heroin, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were the most prominent, as well as some of their derivatives and dissociative substances such as 2-fluoro deschloroketamine. The cannabinoids naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindazol-3-yl)methanone (THJ-018) and hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) were also detected in the samples. Of particular note is the first detection, in a street sample, of a new nitazene (5-cyano isotodesnitazene) which reinforces the importance of continuous monitoring of substances of abuse. This study also made it possible to detect the presence of cutting agents in most of the analysed samples, highlighting the additional risks associated with the consumption of adulterated substances. Among the most prevalent substances were MDMA and cocaine. In summary, this study contributed to a better understanding of the profile of substances of abuse identified in the Kosmicare DCS over recent years. In addition to reflecting current consumption trends, it also enabled the detection of a new NPS in the illicit market, reinforcing the importance of ongoing monitoring and collaboration between harm reduction services and analytical laboratories in responding to the challenges posed by these substances.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Caracterização morfológica Identificação de substâncias Kosmicare Técnicas analíticas