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Fadiga e aviação: Os Horários Irregulares da Tripulação de Cabine
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Abstract(s)
Numa sociedade activa 24 horas, 7 dias por semana e 365 dias por ano, a fadiga, os riscos associados e sua gestão, são cada vez mais uma preocupação actual. O presente trabalho centra-se na irregularidade de horários como factor desencadeante de sintomas de fadiga no estudo de tripulações de cabine de uma companhia aérea portuguesa.
Este estudo pretendeu verificar: (1) os requisitos físicos, psicológicos, sociais e emocionais do trabalho da tripulação de cabine; (2) se os horários em vigor e tempos limite de descanso efectivo são factores desencadeantes de fadiga; (3) a existência de sintomas de fadiga na tripulação de cabine.
Foi desenvolvido um questionário adaptado às especificidades da profissão a uma amostra de 73 tripulantes, dos quais 39 do sexo feminino e 34 são do sexo masculino, sendo a média de idade de 27,68 anos.
Os resultados mostram que os factores que mais contribuem para a fadiga são: o tipo de voo, a falta de humidade e a oscilação da temperatura da cabine, bem como os voos nocturnos, o jet lag e em menor percentagem a irregularidade de horários e a falta de descanso. As principais queixas físicas são a nível das pernas, pés e coluna lombar. Os principais sintomas/sinais de fadiga são as pernas cansadas, pele seca e olhos cansados. Existiram ainda queixas de problemas digestivos, sendo as mulheres as principais lesadas. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o género e o sono, sendo que os homens avaliam o seu sono como mais repousante comparativamente com as mulheres.
Foram ainda encontradas diferenças significativas na senioridade: a falta de humidade na cabine, falta de descanso e problemas de estômago afectam mais as pessoas com maior antiguidade e a qualidade do sono é melhor nas pessoas com menor antiguidade.
Pode-se considerar que os principais objectivos foram atingidos. Recomenda-se o uso de outras metodologias e/ou companhias do mesmo género, no sentido de se verificar a replicação destes resultados.
In a contemporary society active 24 hours, 7 days a week, 365 days a year the issue of fatigue and associated risks and its management are very relevant subjects. This paper focuses on irregular schedules as trigger of fatigue symptom´s. Its conclusions are based on a focused study of cabin crews of a Portuguese airline. The aim of this study was to analyze: (1) what are the physical, psychological, social and emotional requirements of the cabin crew work; (2) whether the schedules being observed and effective resting timeouts are triggering factors of fatigue; (3) the existence/expression of symptoms of fatigue in the crew cabin. We developed a questionnaire adapted to the profession specificities. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 73 cabin crew-members, of which 39 female and 34 male with an average age of 27.68 years. The results demonstrate that the key factors contributing to fatigue are: the flight type, the lack of humidity and temperature oscillations in the cabin, as well as night flights, jet lag and, to a lesser extent, the scheduling irregularity and lack of rest. The most reported physical complaints concern legs, feet and back pain. The main symptoms/signs of fatigue are tired legs, dry skin, and tired eyes. Digestive problems, affecting mainly women, have also been reported. There were significant differences between gender and sleep, where men evaluate their sleep as more restful comparing with women. There were also significant differences in seniority: the lack of humidity in the cabin, lack of sleep and stomach problems tend to affect more senior workers and sleep quality is better in people with less seniority; One can consider that the main objectives of this study have been achieved. We would recommend the use of other methodologies and / or companies of the same kind, in order to verify these results replication.
In a contemporary society active 24 hours, 7 days a week, 365 days a year the issue of fatigue and associated risks and its management are very relevant subjects. This paper focuses on irregular schedules as trigger of fatigue symptom´s. Its conclusions are based on a focused study of cabin crews of a Portuguese airline. The aim of this study was to analyze: (1) what are the physical, psychological, social and emotional requirements of the cabin crew work; (2) whether the schedules being observed and effective resting timeouts are triggering factors of fatigue; (3) the existence/expression of symptoms of fatigue in the crew cabin. We developed a questionnaire adapted to the profession specificities. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 73 cabin crew-members, of which 39 female and 34 male with an average age of 27.68 years. The results demonstrate that the key factors contributing to fatigue are: the flight type, the lack of humidity and temperature oscillations in the cabin, as well as night flights, jet lag and, to a lesser extent, the scheduling irregularity and lack of rest. The most reported physical complaints concern legs, feet and back pain. The main symptoms/signs of fatigue are tired legs, dry skin, and tired eyes. Digestive problems, affecting mainly women, have also been reported. There were significant differences between gender and sleep, where men evaluate their sleep as more restful comparing with women. There were also significant differences in seniority: the lack of humidity in the cabin, lack of sleep and stomach problems tend to affect more senior workers and sleep quality is better in people with less seniority; One can consider that the main objectives of this study have been achieved. We would recommend the use of other methodologies and / or companies of the same kind, in order to verify these results replication.
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Keywords
Aviação Ergonomia Fadiga Horários Irregulares Tripulação de Cabine Aviation Cabin Crew Ergonomics Fatigue Irregular Scheduling