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Mulheres e desvio: crimes sexuais e operadores da justiça
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Abstract(s)
As sociedades democráticas regem-se por dois princípios fundamentais,
nomeadamente o da liberdade e o da igualdade. Assim sendo, aos olhos da lei,
todos os cidadãos são detentores dos mesmos direitos e deveres, sendo que
ninguém pode beneficiar ou ser prejudicado em razão de fatores como o sexo.
Não obstante, as perspetivas criminológicas feministas que vieram abordar a
problemática das desigualdades de género têm vindo a sugerir que, no seio da
Justiça Criminal, existe uma disparidade de tratamentos entre as mulheres e os
homens delinquentes. Nesse âmbito surgiram duas teorias-chave que sugerem
resultados contrários: a tese do galanterio e a tese da mulher maléfica. Optámos
por testar as duas teorias aplicando-as somente aos crimes de índole sexual não
só pela escassez de estudos sobre a temática da mulher agressora sexual, mas
também por estes serem crimes que desafiam profundamente as normas da
feminilidade. Assim sendo, a presente investigação tem como principal objetivo
determinar se o género do agressor tem influência na forma como os operadores
da Justiça respondem a crimes sexuais. Desta forma, pretendemos preencher
uma lacuna existente na literatura científica e contribuir para o aumento da
consciencialização da problemática das desigualdades de género. Esta
investigação é de caráter exploratório e explicativo com enfoque qualitativo e
quantitativo. Os dados foram recolhidos através da análise comparativa de 9
acórdãos dos tribunais e de um inquérito por questionário que contou com 430
participantes. Ao encontro daquilo que é sugerido na literatura científica,
concluiu-se que as mulheres que perpetram crimes sexuais são tratadas de
forma mais benevolente e que, na atualidade, o papel doméstico da mulher é um
dos fatores que continuam a potenciar a invisibilidade deste fenómeno.
Democratic societies are driven by two crucial principles, namely freedom and equality. Therefore, in the eyes of the law, all citizens have the same rights and responsibilities. Hence, no one can benefit or be harmed due to factors such as gender. Nevertheless, feminist criminological perspectives that came to address the issue of gender inequality have been suggesting that, within the Criminal Justice System, there is a treatment disparity between delinquent women and men. In this context, two key theories that suggest contrary results have emerged, namely the chivalry thesis and the Evil Woman thesis. We opted to test these two theories applying them particularly to sexual crimes not only due to the lack of studies on the topic of female sex offenders, but also because these are crimes that deeply defy the norms of femininity. Therefore, the primary aim of this investigation is to determine if the offender’s gender has an influence on how Justice operators respond to sexual crimes. Thus, we pretend to fill a gap in the scientific literature and to contribute to raise awareness around the issue of gender inequalities. This is an exploratory and explanatory investigation with a qualitative and a quantitative approach. Data was collected through the comparative analysis of 9 court decisions and the responses of 430 participants of an online questionnaire survey. In consensus with what is suggested in the scientific literature, it was concluded that women who perpetrate sexual crimes are treated more leniently and that, nowadays, women’s domestic role is one of the factors that continue to contribute to the invisibility of this phenomenon.
Democratic societies are driven by two crucial principles, namely freedom and equality. Therefore, in the eyes of the law, all citizens have the same rights and responsibilities. Hence, no one can benefit or be harmed due to factors such as gender. Nevertheless, feminist criminological perspectives that came to address the issue of gender inequality have been suggesting that, within the Criminal Justice System, there is a treatment disparity between delinquent women and men. In this context, two key theories that suggest contrary results have emerged, namely the chivalry thesis and the Evil Woman thesis. We opted to test these two theories applying them particularly to sexual crimes not only due to the lack of studies on the topic of female sex offenders, but also because these are crimes that deeply defy the norms of femininity. Therefore, the primary aim of this investigation is to determine if the offender’s gender has an influence on how Justice operators respond to sexual crimes. Thus, we pretend to fill a gap in the scientific literature and to contribute to raise awareness around the issue of gender inequalities. This is an exploratory and explanatory investigation with a qualitative and a quantitative approach. Data was collected through the comparative analysis of 9 court decisions and the responses of 430 participants of an online questionnaire survey. In consensus with what is suggested in the scientific literature, it was concluded that women who perpetrate sexual crimes are treated more leniently and that, nowadays, women’s domestic role is one of the factors that continue to contribute to the invisibility of this phenomenon.
Description
Keywords
Género Mulher criminosa Violência sexual Tese do galanterio Tese da mulher maléfica. Gender Female offender Sexual violence Chivalry thesis Evil Woman thesis.