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Qual o papel da ação conjunta de Forças Paraquedistas e Forças Mecanizadas? - Estudo de caso Operação Market-Garden
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Abstract(s)
Na Segunda Guerra Mundial ocorreu a maior operação aeroterrestre da história, a
Operação Market-Garden. Com esta operação os Aliados pretendiam acabar a guerra antes
do final de 1944. A complexidade da operação, os condicionalismos e imprevistos que surgiram, associados a um incorreto emprego das forças envolvidas conduziram ao insucesso da mesma. É neste sentido que a presente investigação: “Qual o papel da ação conjunta de forças paraquedistas e forças mecanizadas? – estudo de caso Operação MarketGarden”, pretende dar resposta ao fracasso obtido pela conjugação destas duas diferentes tipologias de forças.
Nesta época, verificou-se a introdução de novos meios de fazer a guerra. Com o surgimento de forças aerotransportadas, foi possível usar o flanco aéreo para envolver o inimigo, apareceu uma nova forma de manobra ofensiva o envolvimento vertical. A evolução tecnológica permitiu uma mecanização da guerra, tanto a nível naval, terrestre e aéreo. Ao nível terrestre verificou-se uma extraordinária evolução das forças mecanizadas, que permitiu aos meios blindados terem uma preponderância nesta guerra, associada ao movimento, com grandes avanços e conquistas de terreno.
Este Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada centra-se no estudo de forças
aerotransportadas e mecanizadas britânicas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, em particular na Operação Market-Garden. Nesta investigação utilizou-se o método histórico, numa abordagem sincrónica, para caraterizar as variáveis de estudo de forma mais profunda, designadamente o equipamento e armamento, as táticas, as
potencialidades/limitações, a tipologia das missões aplicadas às forças aerotransportadas e mecanizadas.
Por fim, com esta investigação é possível verificar, que na Operação MarketGarden, o equipamento e armamento eram adequados para a missão mas porém não tiveram o emprego devido. As táticas não foram empregues na forma mais correta e infringiram alguns princípios da guerra, que por esse facto contribuíram para o insucesso da operação. As forças em análise têm potencialidades que se adequam ao tipo de missão efetuada. Contudo, devido às suas limitações, o planeamento usado não foi o mais apropriado. O planeamento deveria ter-se ajustado às limitações do emprego deste tipo de forças e não o contrário. A tipologia das missões destas forças é muito variada. O seu emprego de uma forma independente não é o mais adequado. A ação conjunta de forças
aerotransportadas e mecanizadas é verificável em situações específicas e adequadas às suas capacidades. Para a Operação Market-Garden, e em particular no caso britânico, esta ação conjunta não se verificou.
Abstract In the II World War took place the largest airborne operation in history, Operation Market-Garden. This operation involved air power, airborne troops and land forces, mechanized forces. With this operation, the Allies intended to finish the war before 1944. The complexity of the operation, the constraints and setbacks that occurred, associated with an incorrect application of the involved troops led to the failure of the same. It is in this sense that the present work entitled: “What is the role of the joint action of the airborne troops and mechanized forces? – case study: Operation Market-Garden”, means to give an answer to the resulted failure by the conjugation of these two different types of forces. In this season we saw the introduction of new means to make war. With the creation of airborne forces the aerial flank was being used to encircle the enemy, and so it appeared a new offensive maneuver - the vertical involvement. The evolution of technology allowed a mechanization of war, in an aerial level, land and naval. In land, it was verified an extraordinary evolution of mechanized forces, which made the armored vehicles had a main role in this war associated with movement, with great advances and field conquers. This Applied Investigation Work focuses in the study of British airborne and mechanized forces during the II World War, particularly in operation Market-Garden. In this investigation it was used the historical method, in a synchronic approach, to characterize the variable of study in a more detailed way, specially the equipment and weaponry, the tactics, the capabilities/limitations, and the types of missions assigned to the airborne and mechanized forces. Finally, with this investigation it is possible to verify, for the Market-Garden Operation, that the equipment and weaponry used were adequate for the mission, but they were not applied correctly. The tactics were not used in a correct way and broke some war principles, for that fact they contributed for the failure of the operation. These forces in analysis have the capabilities that fit the type of the executed mission. However, due to its limitations, the planning used was not appropriate. The planning should have been adjusted to the limitations of the application of these types of forces and not otherwise. The typology of these forces’ missions is very variable. Its employment in an independent way is not the most adequate. The joint employment of airborne and mechanized forces is variable in specific situations and fit to their type of capacities. For the Market-Garden Operation, and in particular in the British case, this joint action was not verified
Abstract In the II World War took place the largest airborne operation in history, Operation Market-Garden. This operation involved air power, airborne troops and land forces, mechanized forces. With this operation, the Allies intended to finish the war before 1944. The complexity of the operation, the constraints and setbacks that occurred, associated with an incorrect application of the involved troops led to the failure of the same. It is in this sense that the present work entitled: “What is the role of the joint action of the airborne troops and mechanized forces? – case study: Operation Market-Garden”, means to give an answer to the resulted failure by the conjugation of these two different types of forces. In this season we saw the introduction of new means to make war. With the creation of airborne forces the aerial flank was being used to encircle the enemy, and so it appeared a new offensive maneuver - the vertical involvement. The evolution of technology allowed a mechanization of war, in an aerial level, land and naval. In land, it was verified an extraordinary evolution of mechanized forces, which made the armored vehicles had a main role in this war associated with movement, with great advances and field conquers. This Applied Investigation Work focuses in the study of British airborne and mechanized forces during the II World War, particularly in operation Market-Garden. In this investigation it was used the historical method, in a synchronic approach, to characterize the variable of study in a more detailed way, specially the equipment and weaponry, the tactics, the capabilities/limitations, and the types of missions assigned to the airborne and mechanized forces. Finally, with this investigation it is possible to verify, for the Market-Garden Operation, that the equipment and weaponry used were adequate for the mission, but they were not applied correctly. The tactics were not used in a correct way and broke some war principles, for that fact they contributed for the failure of the operation. These forces in analysis have the capabilities that fit the type of the executed mission. However, due to its limitations, the planning used was not appropriate. The planning should have been adjusted to the limitations of the application of these types of forces and not otherwise. The typology of these forces’ missions is very variable. Its employment in an independent way is not the most adequate. The joint employment of airborne and mechanized forces is variable in specific situations and fit to their type of capacities. For the Market-Garden Operation, and in particular in the British case, this joint action was not verified
Description
Keywords
Forças Aerotransportadas Forças Mecanizadas Ação Conjunta Exército Britânico Market-Garden
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino