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Vulnerabilidades das acessibilidades hospitalares face ao risco sísmico: Acessibilidades ao Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central
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Abstract(s)
A região de Lisboa tem vindo a sofrer ao longo da sua história impactos elevados
decorrentes de sismos próximos e distantes, doa quais são exemplos os sismos de 1356
e de 1775. A vulnerabilidade das vias de acesso a hospitais situados no concelho de
Lisboa face à ocorrência de um sismo é um tema que não tem sido abordado mas que é
importante para estimar as áreas da rede viária ocupadas por escombros provenientes do
colapso de edifícios após um sismo e o posterior estabelecimento de medidas de
mitigação e de preparação para a resposta. Este trabalho tem como objectivo avaliar as
vulnerabilidades das acessibilidades aos hospitais de São José, Santa Marta, Capuchos e
Estefânia. Foram escolhidos estes hospitais por serem geograficamente próximos, por
pertencerem ao mesmo núcleo hospitalar, Núcleo Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, e por se
localizarem em zonas que poderão sofrer danos significativos em caso de um evento
sísmico. As freguesias da Pena e de St.º Estevão, onde se localiza este núcleo hospitalar,
são caracterizadas por possuírem um edificado pré-pombalino e gaioleiro, pelo que os
impactos estruturais face a um sismo poderão ser elevados. Para avaliar a
vulnerabilidade das acessibilidades seguiram-se metodologias utilizadas
internacionalmente e foi utilizado o método RADIUS, pois é um método que necessita
de poucos recursos e é facilmente adaptável às características de cada país. Factores
como a densidade de construção, tipo de colapso, características do edificado e distância
relativa entre os edifícios e as vias foram considerados nas estimativas de níveis de
ocupação longitudinal e lateral das vias e da severidade da sua ocupação.
Verificou-se que no cenário de um sismo de características destruidoras a zona em
estudo ficará com muito mais de metade da sua rede viária ocupada por escombros, o
que levanta grandes questões acerca de como se processará o socorro às vítimas, de
como circularão os veículos que prestarão esse socorro e sobretudo de como se fará a
desocupação destas vias.
Com base nestes resultados identificaram-se vulnerabilidades na rede viária de acesso
aos hospitais, propuseram-se medidas mitigadoras e indicaram-se as rotas de acesso aos
hospitais que terão menores ocupações de escombros em caso de evento sísmico.
The Lisbon region has suffered throughout its history high impacts from near and far earthquakes, which main examples are the earthquakes of 1356 and 1775. The vulnerability of access routes to hospitals located in the municipality of Lisbon against the occurrence of an earthquake is a topic that had not been addressed so far but is of major importance to estimate the areas of roads occupied by debris from the collapse of buildings after an earthquake and the subsequent establishment of mitigation and response preparedness. This study aims to assess the vulnerabilities of accessibility to hospitals São José, Santa Marta, Capuchos and Estefania. These hospitals were chosen because they are geographically located near each other, because they belong to the same core hospital, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, and are located in areas that would suffer significant damage in case of a seismic event. The civil parishes of Pena and St.º Estevão, where this core hospital is located, are characterized by having pré-pombalino and gaioleiro type buildings; for this reason the structural impacts of an earthquake may be high. To assess the vulnerability of accessibility, international methodologies were followed and the RADIUS method was used because it is a method that requires few resources and is easily adaptable to the characteristics of each country. Factors such as construction density, type of collapse, characteristics of the building, and the relative distance between buildings and roads were considered in the estimated levels of longitudinal and lateral road occupancy and in the severity of its occupation. In a severe post-earthquake scenario the study area will have more than half of its road network occupied by debris. This raises big questions about how to process the helping of victims, how the emergency vehicles will circulate and especially how to make the clearance of the roads. Based on these results, vulnerabilities in the road network access to hospitals were identified, mitigation measures were proposed and access routes to hospitals that have lower occupation of debris in case of seismic event were identified.
The Lisbon region has suffered throughout its history high impacts from near and far earthquakes, which main examples are the earthquakes of 1356 and 1775. The vulnerability of access routes to hospitals located in the municipality of Lisbon against the occurrence of an earthquake is a topic that had not been addressed so far but is of major importance to estimate the areas of roads occupied by debris from the collapse of buildings after an earthquake and the subsequent establishment of mitigation and response preparedness. This study aims to assess the vulnerabilities of accessibility to hospitals São José, Santa Marta, Capuchos and Estefania. These hospitals were chosen because they are geographically located near each other, because they belong to the same core hospital, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, and are located in areas that would suffer significant damage in case of a seismic event. The civil parishes of Pena and St.º Estevão, where this core hospital is located, are characterized by having pré-pombalino and gaioleiro type buildings; for this reason the structural impacts of an earthquake may be high. To assess the vulnerability of accessibility, international methodologies were followed and the RADIUS method was used because it is a method that requires few resources and is easily adaptable to the characteristics of each country. Factors such as construction density, type of collapse, characteristics of the building, and the relative distance between buildings and roads were considered in the estimated levels of longitudinal and lateral road occupancy and in the severity of its occupation. In a severe post-earthquake scenario the study area will have more than half of its road network occupied by debris. This raises big questions about how to process the helping of victims, how the emergency vehicles will circulate and especially how to make the clearance of the roads. Based on these results, vulnerabilities in the road network access to hospitals were identified, mitigation measures were proposed and access routes to hospitals that have lower occupation of debris in case of seismic event were identified.
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Keywords
Acessibilidades hospitalares Risco sísmico Ocupação Lisboa Escombros Vias de acesso