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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As doenças crónicas são a principal causa de morbilidade e mortalidade na Europa. Para a
Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), a gestão das doenças crónica é um processo contínuo
que decorre ao longo de anos ou décadas, o que obriga ao afastamento dos cuidados centrados
na doença, implicando uma organização personalizada dos cuidados de saúde.
A Doença Renal Crónica (DRC) é reconhecida como um dos maiores desafios de saúde, sendo
que os seus tratamentos figuram entre os mais dispendiosos dentro das doenças crónicas. As
complicações da DRC exercem um impacto significativo na expectativa de vida, contribuindo
para o aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade. Conviver com uma condição crónica pressupõe
aprender a lidar com os seus sintomas e limitações.
O tratamento substitutivo na DRC implica mudanças nos estilos de vida e o seu êxito está
intrinsecamente ligado à participação ativa da pessoa no seu autocuidado. Dorothea Orem
(1995) defende que o ser humano possui uma habilidade inata para zelar por si e que o papel do
enfermeiro é essencial na promoção e capacitação desse autocuidado.
O presente documento elaborado no âmbito da unidade curricular - Estágio de natureza
profissional com relatório, módulo II, inserida no plano de estudos do Mestrado em Enfermagem
Médico-Cirúrgica à Pessoa em Situação Crónica, da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto,
tem como objetivo retratar o processo de desenvolvimento das competências gerais e
específicas necessárias para a especialização em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, com foco na
área de Enfermagem à pessoa em situação crónica. Para tal, adotou-se uma abordagem
descritiva e reflexiva, que contemplou tanto os conhecimentos teóricos quanto práticos, bem
como as competências adquiridas ao longo desse percurso. Neste seguimento, são
apresentados dois casos clínicos com base na ontologia de enfermagem e na evidência
científica disponível, foi possível a tomada de decisão e a aplicação de conhecimentos e da
prática da enfermagem especializada ao doente renal crónico.
Chronic diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe. For the World Health Organization (WHO), the management of chronic diseases is a continuous process that takes place over years or decades, which requires the move away from disease-centered care, implying a personalized organization of health care. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is recognized as one of the biggest health challenges, and its treatments are among the most expensive among chronic diseases. Complications of CKD have a significant impact on life expectancy, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Living with a chronic condition involves learning to deal with its symptoms and limitations. Substitution treatment for CKD involves changes in lifestyle and its success is intrinsically linked to the person's active participation in their self-care. Dorothea Orem (1995) argues that human beings have an innate ability to take care of themselves and that the role of nurses is essential in promoting and enabling this self-care. This document prepared within the scope of the curricular unit - Professional internship with report, module II, inserted in the study plan of the Master's degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing for People in Chronic Situations, at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, aims to portray the process of developing the general and specific skills necessary for specialization in Medical- Surgical Nursing, with a focus on the area of Nursing for people with chronic conditions. To this end, a descriptive and reflective approach was adopted, which included both theoretical and practical knowledge, as well as the skills acquired along this path. In this section, two clinical cases are presented based on nursing ontology and available scientific evidence, making it possible to make decisions and apply knowledge and practice of specialized nursing to chronic kidney disease patients.
Chronic diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe. For the World Health Organization (WHO), the management of chronic diseases is a continuous process that takes place over years or decades, which requires the move away from disease-centered care, implying a personalized organization of health care. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is recognized as one of the biggest health challenges, and its treatments are among the most expensive among chronic diseases. Complications of CKD have a significant impact on life expectancy, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Living with a chronic condition involves learning to deal with its symptoms and limitations. Substitution treatment for CKD involves changes in lifestyle and its success is intrinsically linked to the person's active participation in their self-care. Dorothea Orem (1995) argues that human beings have an innate ability to take care of themselves and that the role of nurses is essential in promoting and enabling this self-care. This document prepared within the scope of the curricular unit - Professional internship with report, module II, inserted in the study plan of the Master's degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing for People in Chronic Situations, at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, aims to portray the process of developing the general and specific skills necessary for specialization in Medical- Surgical Nursing, with a focus on the area of Nursing for people with chronic conditions. To this end, a descriptive and reflective approach was adopted, which included both theoretical and practical knowledge, as well as the skills acquired along this path. In this section, two clinical cases are presented based on nursing ontology and available scientific evidence, making it possible to make decisions and apply knowledge and practice of specialized nursing to chronic kidney disease patients.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Doença crónica Doença renal crónica Hemodiálise Autocuidado Relatório de estágio
