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Excesso de peso e obesidade infantil: A influência do papel parental: Projeto de desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas na área de Enfermagem Comunitária na Área de Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e de Saúde Pública
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Abstract(s)
RESUMO: O presente trabalho surge no âmbito do Estágio de Natureza Profissional com Relatório, unidade esta, pertencente ao Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária na Área de Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e de Saúde Pública da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto (ESEP), e tem como objetivo fazer uma análise crítico-reflexiva das competências adquiridas durante o mesmo.
Tem como tema central o “Excesso de peso e obesidade infantil: a influência do papel parental”, que emerge do Diagnóstico de Situação de Saúde prévio do ACeS onde decorreu o estágio, em que a obesidade é apresentada como o terceiro diagnóstico ativo com mais proporção de inscritos no concelho, apenas superado pela hipertensão arterial e alteração do metabolismo dos lípidos. Sendo na infância que as preferências alimentares são mais fáceis de moldar, esta faixa etária e o contexto escolar são o momento e local ideais para educar para a saúde. Dado que os comportamentos alimentares das crianças são influenciados pelo ambiente onde ela se insere, nomeadamente pelos comportamentos familiares, importa estudar de que modo a influência parental pode ser influenciadora desses comportamentos alimentares.
O Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária, na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e de Saúde Pública, através da implementação de programas de âmbito nacional e tendo um papel primordial na promoção da saúde e como população alvo grupos e comunidade, surge então como o profissional de eleição para atuar na capacitação desses mesmos grupos.
Utilizando como metodologia o planeamento em saúde, foi elaborado um diagnóstico de situação recorrendo à implementação de um instrumento de colheita de dados. Após identificação dos problemas e posterior definição de objetivos, surge então o projeto “Nutrir Juntos: educação alimentar em família”, elaborado como necessidade de adequar o comportamento alimentar das crianças e a influência parental exercida sobre ele, e consequentemente diminuir a prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade, utilizando a família como elemento influenciador e facilitador dessa mudança.
Este estágio contribuiu também para a aquisição de competências como Enfermeira Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e de Saúde Pública, assim como de Mestre em Enfermagem.
Pode-se concluir que os conhecimentos e competências adquiridos no decurso desta formação são essenciais à prática do enfermeiro especialista como promotor da literacia em saúde e capacitador da mudança de comportamentos de grupos e comunidades. Através da implementação de projetos dirigidos à população, é possível obter ganhos em saúde dessas mesmas populações.
ABSTRACT: The present work emerges within the scope of the Professional Internship with Report, belonging to the master’s degree in Community Nursing in the area of Community Health Nursing and Public Health at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem of Porto (ESEP), and aims to carry out a critical-reflexive analysis of the skills acquired during the course. The central theme is “Overweight and Childhood Obesity: the influence of the parental role”, which emerges from a previous AceS Health Situation Diagnosis where the internship took place, in which obesity is presented as the third active diagnosis with the highest proportion of people registered in the county, only surpassed by hypertension and changes in lipid metabolism. Since food preferences are easier to shape in childhood, this age group and the school context are the ideal time and place for health education. As children´s eating behaviours are influenced by the environment in which they live, namely, family behaviours, it is important to study how the parental influence can determine their eating behaviours. The community nurse specialist practitioner in the area of Community Health Nursing and Public Health, through the implementation of national programs, having a primary role in promoting health and having groups and communities as target population, emerges then as the professional of choice to empower these same groups. Using Health Planning as a methodology, a situation diagnosis was carried out using the implementation of a data collection instrument. After identifying the problems and subsequently defining objectives, the project “Nourish Together: food education in the family” emerged, designed as a need to adapt children’s eating behaviour and the parental influence exerted on it, and consequently, reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity, using the family as an influencing element and facilitator of this change. A diagnosis of the health situation was carried out that identified children’s eating habits as the main source of problem, being objectives and strategies defined and determined with the aim of achieving the defined objectives. The internship also contributed to the acquisition of the specialist nurse in Community Heath in the area of Community Health Nursing and Public Health skills as well as a master’s in nursing. It can then be concluded that the knowledge and skills acquired during this training, are essential to the practice of the specialist nurse as a promoter of health literacy and an enabler of the behavioural change in groups and communities. Through the implementation of projects aimed at the population, it is possible to obtain health gains for these same populations.
ABSTRACT: The present work emerges within the scope of the Professional Internship with Report, belonging to the master’s degree in Community Nursing in the area of Community Health Nursing and Public Health at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem of Porto (ESEP), and aims to carry out a critical-reflexive analysis of the skills acquired during the course. The central theme is “Overweight and Childhood Obesity: the influence of the parental role”, which emerges from a previous AceS Health Situation Diagnosis where the internship took place, in which obesity is presented as the third active diagnosis with the highest proportion of people registered in the county, only surpassed by hypertension and changes in lipid metabolism. Since food preferences are easier to shape in childhood, this age group and the school context are the ideal time and place for health education. As children´s eating behaviours are influenced by the environment in which they live, namely, family behaviours, it is important to study how the parental influence can determine their eating behaviours. The community nurse specialist practitioner in the area of Community Health Nursing and Public Health, through the implementation of national programs, having a primary role in promoting health and having groups and communities as target population, emerges then as the professional of choice to empower these same groups. Using Health Planning as a methodology, a situation diagnosis was carried out using the implementation of a data collection instrument. After identifying the problems and subsequently defining objectives, the project “Nourish Together: food education in the family” emerged, designed as a need to adapt children’s eating behaviour and the parental influence exerted on it, and consequently, reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity, using the family as an influencing element and facilitator of this change. A diagnosis of the health situation was carried out that identified children’s eating habits as the main source of problem, being objectives and strategies defined and determined with the aim of achieving the defined objectives. The internship also contributed to the acquisition of the specialist nurse in Community Heath in the area of Community Health Nursing and Public Health skills as well as a master’s in nursing. It can then be concluded that the knowledge and skills acquired during this training, are essential to the practice of the specialist nurse as a promoter of health literacy and an enabler of the behavioural change in groups and communities. Through the implementation of projects aimed at the population, it is possible to obtain health gains for these same populations.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária Enfermagem de Saúde Pública Planeamento em Saúde Excesso de Peso Obesidade Influência Parental Relatório de estágio