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Publication
Efeito do design da estrutura física do robô na confiança durante uma situação de emergência
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O uso de robôs de serviço tem vindo a aumentar,
nomeadamente nas tarefas de alto-risco e em situações de
emergência. A confiança nos robôs é um tema pertinente
na Interação Humano-Robô (IHR), sendo particularmente
importante em situações que ponham o bem-estar e a
segurança dos utilizadores em risco. Sabendo que o design
da aparência do robô é um dos principais fatores com
impacto na confiança, este estudo procurou contribuir para
a melhoria da IHR, investigando como esta pode ser
afetada pela morfologia do robô (i.e., elementos
identificadores do género, olhos, mãos). O estudo decorreu
em duas etapas. A primeira, de carácter indutivo, teve por
objetivo explorar as perceções dos utilizadores quanto à
morfologia de um robô de serviço para uso em situações de
emergência. Para o efeito, recorreu-se a um inquérito por
questionário, que revelou a preferência por modelos
antropomórficos, com ênfase para a presença de olhos e
braços. A segunda etapa, de carácter dedutivo,
experimental, consistiu na avaliação da confiança (i.e.,
decisão de seguir as orientações de navegação dadas por
um robô de serviço) com recurso a uma simulação de uma
evacuação de emergência em Realidade Virtual. Recorreuse
a um desenho experimental misto, onde a variável intersujeitos
(grupos independentes) foi a existência de olhos no
robô e a variável intra-sujeitos (medidas repetidas) foram as
affordances do ambiente (i.e., favorável vs desfavorável),
através da manipulação de variáveis como iluminação e
largura dos corredores. Foi ainda aplicado um questionário
pós-teste para se avaliarem aspetos individuais, como as
atitudes e crenças face aos robôs. Os resultados sugerem
uma influência, estatisticamente significativa, dos olhos na
confiança no robô, mas não houve diferenças quanto às
affordances do ambiente. Embora os participantes tenham
achado o robô demasiado artificial e mecânico, sentiram a
necessidade de o seguir. Independentemente da existência
de olhos nos robôs, estes produtos parecem ser uma
solução promissora para apoio à evacuação de emergência
em edifícios complexos. Os resultados deste estudo podem
ser informativos para o design de uma IHR de qualidade.
The use of service robots has been increasing, particularly in high-risk tasks and in emergency situations. Confidence in robots is a relevant topic in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), being particularly important in situations that put the well-being and safety of users at risk. Knowing that the design of the robot's appearance is one of the main factors with an impact on confidence, this study should contribute to an improvement of the HRI, investigating how it can be affected by the robot's morphology (ie, gender identifying elements, eyes, hands). The study took place in two stages. The first, of an inductive nature, aimed to explore the users' perceptions regarding the morphology of a service robot for use in emergency situations. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was used, which revealed the preference for anthropomorphic models, with emphasis on the presence of eyes and arms. The second stage, of a deductive, experimental nature, consisted of assessing confidence (that is, the decision to follow navigation guidelines given by a service robot) using a simulation of an emergency evacuation in Virtual Reality. A mixed experimental design was used, where the inter-subject variable (independent groups) was the existence of eyes on the robot and the intra-subject variable (repeated measures) were resources of the environment (that is, favorable vs. unfavorable), through the manipulation of variables such as lighting and corridor width. A post-test questionnaire was also sent to assess individual aspects, such as attitudes and beliefs towards robots. The results improve a tuning, statistically decreased, of the eyes in the confidence in the robot, but no differences regarding the features of the environment. Although the participants found the robot too artificial and mechanical, they felt the need to follow it. Regardless of eye-to-eye, these products appear to be a promising solution to support relief emergency evacuation. The results of this study can be informative for the design of a quality HRI.
The use of service robots has been increasing, particularly in high-risk tasks and in emergency situations. Confidence in robots is a relevant topic in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), being particularly important in situations that put the well-being and safety of users at risk. Knowing that the design of the robot's appearance is one of the main factors with an impact on confidence, this study should contribute to an improvement of the HRI, investigating how it can be affected by the robot's morphology (ie, gender identifying elements, eyes, hands). The study took place in two stages. The first, of an inductive nature, aimed to explore the users' perceptions regarding the morphology of a service robot for use in emergency situations. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was used, which revealed the preference for anthropomorphic models, with emphasis on the presence of eyes and arms. The second stage, of a deductive, experimental nature, consisted of assessing confidence (that is, the decision to follow navigation guidelines given by a service robot) using a simulation of an emergency evacuation in Virtual Reality. A mixed experimental design was used, where the inter-subject variable (independent groups) was the existence of eyes on the robot and the intra-subject variable (repeated measures) were resources of the environment (that is, favorable vs. unfavorable), through the manipulation of variables such as lighting and corridor width. A post-test questionnaire was also sent to assess individual aspects, such as attitudes and beliefs towards robots. The results improve a tuning, statistically decreased, of the eyes in the confidence in the robot, but no differences regarding the features of the environment. Although the participants found the robot too artificial and mechanical, they felt the need to follow it. Regardless of eye-to-eye, these products appear to be a promising solution to support relief emergency evacuation. The results of this study can be informative for the design of a quality HRI.
Description
Keywords
Design de interação Interação humano-robô Confiança Robôs sociais Robôs de serviço Realidade virtual