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Abstract(s)
Toda a máquina rotativa apresenta, por mais insignificante que seja, uma certa
vibração, isto acontece porque é quase impossível a construção de um rotor com uma
distribuição mássica perfeitamente homogénea.
A não homogeneidade na distribuição mássica do rotor provoca o desequilíbrio
e, consequentemente, resulta na vibração do equipamento enquanto este estiver em
funcionamento.
Com o passar do tempo, os componentes constituintes da máquina começam a
desgastar-se e, muitas das vezes, resultam num aumento de amplitude da vibração
provocada pelo desequilíbrio o que, quando não resolvido este problema, dá-se uma
considerável redução da vida útil do equipamento.
O desequilíbrio residual está sempre presente nas máquinas rotativas, o que é
completamente normal, mas deve ser monitorizado e quantificado para, com base nas
normas ou regras das sociedades classificadoras, sabermos se deixou de ser residual
passando a ser significativo.
O desequilíbrio pode surgir de diferentes formas em diferentes tipos de rotor,
por isso, é importante conhecer os diferentes tipo de desequilíbrio bem como as
técnicas de equilibragem adequadas para um determinado tipo de desequilíbrio.
No presente trabalho serão abordadas as técnicas de deteção do desequilíbrio,
uma vez que nem toda vibração de uma máquina rotativa é uma consequência do
desequilíbrio. Também serão abordadas diferentes técnicas de equilibragem que podem
ser aplicadas num processo de equilibragem no local. As técnicas abordadas serão
testadas em modelos de rotores com um plano de correção e com dois planos de
correção contruídos em SolidWorks, Working Model e em laboratório.
Every rotating machine presents, however insignificant, a certain vibration, this happened because it is impossible to build a rotor with a perfect homogeneous mass distribution. The lack of homogeneity in the mass distribution of the rotor causes unbalance and, consequently, results in equipment vibration while it is in service. Over time, the constituent components of the machine start wear out and, many times, result in an increase in the vibration’s amplitude caused by the unbalance which, when this problem is not solved, gives a considerable reduction in equipment lifetime. Residual unbalance is always present in rotating machine, which is completely normal but must be monitored and quantified so that, based on the balance standard or rules of the classification societies, we know if the machine overcome being residual turning significant. Unbalance can arise in different ways in different types of rotor, so it is important to know the different types of unbalances as well as the proper balancing techniques for given type of unbalance. In present work, the techniques for detecting an unbalance will be addressed, since not all vibration of a rotating machine is a consequence of the unbalance. Different balancing techniques that can be applied on the field balancing process will also be addressed. The techniques covered will be tested on rotor models with one correction plan and two correction plans build in SolidWork, WorkingModel software and in laboratory.
Every rotating machine presents, however insignificant, a certain vibration, this happened because it is impossible to build a rotor with a perfect homogeneous mass distribution. The lack of homogeneity in the mass distribution of the rotor causes unbalance and, consequently, results in equipment vibration while it is in service. Over time, the constituent components of the machine start wear out and, many times, result in an increase in the vibration’s amplitude caused by the unbalance which, when this problem is not solved, gives a considerable reduction in equipment lifetime. Residual unbalance is always present in rotating machine, which is completely normal but must be monitored and quantified so that, based on the balance standard or rules of the classification societies, we know if the machine overcome being residual turning significant. Unbalance can arise in different ways in different types of rotor, so it is important to know the different types of unbalances as well as the proper balancing techniques for given type of unbalance. In present work, the techniques for detecting an unbalance will be addressed, since not all vibration of a rotating machine is a consequence of the unbalance. Different balancing techniques that can be applied on the field balancing process will also be addressed. The techniques covered will be tested on rotor models with one correction plan and two correction plans build in SolidWork, WorkingModel software and in laboratory.
Description
Keywords
Vibração Desequilíbrio Equilibragem Equilibragem no local