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Abstract(s)
A presente Dissertação de Mestrado, subordinada ao tema “A História da Escola
Naval (1845-1910): Formação dos Oficiais de Marinha numa Época de Transição” tem
como objetivo central responder à questão: “Como evoluiu o ensino ministrado na
Escola Naval desde a sua criação até ao ano em que terminou o período monárquico?”.
Para tal procedeu-se à análise do contexto da época que originou a necessidade
da criação de um estabelecimento de ensino capaz de garantir a formação adequada aos
futuros Oficiais da Armada portuguesa.
De facto, após a criação da Escola Naval e em plena segunda metade do século
XIX, ocorreram diversos acontecimentos de elevada importância que levaram a cabo
um conjunto de reorganizações ao nível do ensino naval. Para tal contribuíram a
evolução da tática e guerra naval e o desenvolvimento industrial e científico Europeu.
Este último traduziu-se na evolução dos meios de propulsão (da vela ao vapor); o
crescente desenvolvimento da artilharia, relacionado com a utilização do aço na
construção dos navios (da madeira ao aço); e o aparecimento de torpedos, como arma
naval inovadora. Este conjunto de acontecimentos foi tido em conta e adaptado ao
ensino ministrado, sendo que estas inovações requeriam uma adaptação do plano de
estudos dos alunos da Escola Naval.
Para alcançar estes objetivos foi utilizada uma metodologia baseada na análise
documental, tentando, sempre que possível, basear a informação apresentada em
documentos diretamente relacionados com o tema. A fim de apresentar os resultados
alcançados estruturou-se o trabalho em cinco capítulos: “Introdução”, “Ensino e
Educação Superior no início do século XIX”, “A Escola Naval”, “Reformas da Escola
Naval” e “Conclusão”.
Após o término da investigação concluiu-se que as restruturações sofridas ao
nível do ensino proporcionaram aos alunos, que concluíam o curso da Escola Naval,
uma formação, cultura e saberes para se tornarem aptos a desempenhar as exigentes
funções de Oficial de uma Armada em desenvolvimento.
The purpose of the following Dissertation, entitled “The History of Naval School (1845-1910): Training of Navy Officers in a Season of Transition” was aimed at answering the question: “How has education developed at Naval School from its creation until the end of the monarchic period?”. For this, we proceeded to analyse the whole context of the era that gave rise to the need to create an educational institution capable of ensuring adequate training for future officers of Portuguese Navy. In fact, after the creation of the Naval School and in full second half of the nineteenth century, there were several events of high importance that carried out a series of reorganizations at the level of naval education. This trend evolution of tactics and naval warfare and European scientific and industrial development. The latter resulted in the evolution of the means of propulsion (sail to steam), the increasing development of artillery, related to the use of steel in ships construction (wood to steel), and the appearance of torpedoes, an innovative naval gun. This set of events was taken into account and adapted to the instruction given to students because these innovations requiring adaptation of the curriculum of the students of the Naval School. To achieve these goals it was used a methodology based on documentary analysis, trying wherever possible, to use information presented in documents directly related to the topic. In order to present the results the present dissertation was structured in five chapters: "Introduction", "Education and Higher Education in the early nineteenth century", "The Naval School", "Naval School Reforms" and "Conclusion". Upon completion of this investigation it was concluded that the restructuring suffered in the entire education level provided to students a good training, culture and knowledge to become able to perform the demanding tasks of a Navy in development.
The purpose of the following Dissertation, entitled “The History of Naval School (1845-1910): Training of Navy Officers in a Season of Transition” was aimed at answering the question: “How has education developed at Naval School from its creation until the end of the monarchic period?”. For this, we proceeded to analyse the whole context of the era that gave rise to the need to create an educational institution capable of ensuring adequate training for future officers of Portuguese Navy. In fact, after the creation of the Naval School and in full second half of the nineteenth century, there were several events of high importance that carried out a series of reorganizations at the level of naval education. This trend evolution of tactics and naval warfare and European scientific and industrial development. The latter resulted in the evolution of the means of propulsion (sail to steam), the increasing development of artillery, related to the use of steel in ships construction (wood to steel), and the appearance of torpedoes, an innovative naval gun. This set of events was taken into account and adapted to the instruction given to students because these innovations requiring adaptation of the curriculum of the students of the Naval School. To achieve these goals it was used a methodology based on documentary analysis, trying wherever possible, to use information presented in documents directly related to the topic. In order to present the results the present dissertation was structured in five chapters: "Introduction", "Education and Higher Education in the early nineteenth century", "The Naval School", "Naval School Reforms" and "Conclusion". Upon completion of this investigation it was concluded that the restructuring suffered in the entire education level provided to students a good training, culture and knowledge to become able to perform the demanding tasks of a Navy in development.
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Keywords
Escola Naval, evolução do ensino, ensino naval, revolução Liberal, revolução industrial, artilharia naval. Naval School, evolution of education, naval education, Liberal Revolution, Industrial Revolution, naval artillery.