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A Pessoa com compromisso do processo cardiorrespiratório: Projeto de Desenvolvimento de Competências Clínicas Especializadas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na Área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A doença crónica é uma condição de longa duração e progressão lenta, que inclui doenças
cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, asma, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica, doenças
oncológicas, VIH/SIDA, transtornos mentais e psiquiátricos e doenças osteomusculares.
As doenças cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de morte a nível mundial. Conforme
apontado pelo Internacional Council of Nurses (2010), estima-se que até 2030,
aproximadamente 23,6 milhões de pessoas morrerão devido a essas doenças, dando destaque
para as doenças cardíacas e o acidente vascular cerebral. Ao longo do meu percurso
profissional, tenho tido por foco a pessoa com doença crónica, com ênfase nas doenças do
compromisso do sistema cardiorrespiratório, mais especificamente na insuficiência cardíaca. As
pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca enfrentam desafios diários devido às características
inerentes da doença. Identificar e monitorizar os sinais e sintomas que indicam uma
exacerbação da doença, concomitantemente com a gestão de um regime medicamentoso
complexo, são desafios significativos para essas pessoas. Frequentemente são encorajadas a
adotar práticas de autocuidado, relacionadas com o seguimento de alimentação restrita em
sódio, uma monitorização regular do peso corporal, reconhecer os sinais de alerta da
agudização e adquirir hábitos de vida saudáveis. Estes são comportamentos essenciais para a
gestão da doença e prevenção de episódios agudos sendo o papel dos enfermeiros
fundamental, auxiliando-os a enfrentar eficazmente os desafios associados à sua condição
crónica.
Este relatório resulta do estágio profissional que tem por objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento
e aquisição de Competências Comuns e Específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem
Médico-Cirúrgica na área da Enfermagem à pessoa em situação crónica. A concretização do
estágio permitiu atingir as referidas competências na área de Enfermagem à pessoa em
situação crónica. Este percurso foi desenvolvido em dois contextos clínicos distintos que me
permitiram elaborar dois planos de cuidados de pessoas com compromisso do processo
cardiorrespiratório, nomeadamente na insuficiência cardíaca. A abordagem crítica e reflexiva
permitiu-me tirar o melhor partido da passagem pelos contextos, na abordagem aos casos
clínicos e as experiências para o desenvolvimento das competências.
Chronic disease is a long-lasting and slowly progressive condition, which includes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oncological disease, HIV/AIDS, mental and psychiatric disorders and musculoskeletal diseases. Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death worldwide. As pointed out by the International Council of Nurses (2010), it is estimated that by 2030, approximately 23.6 million people will die due to these diseases, with emphasis on heart disease and stroke. Throughout my professional career, I have focused on people with chronic illnesses, with an emphasis on diseases affecting the cardiorespiratory system, more specifically heart failure. People with heart failure face daily challenges due to the inherent characteristics of the disease. Identifying and monitoring the signs and symptoms that indicate an exacerbation of the disease, concomitantly with the management of a complex medication regimen, are significant challenges for these people. They are often encouraged to adopt self-care practices, related to following a sodium-restricted diet, regularly monitoring body weight, recognizing the warning signs of exacerbation and acquiring healthy lifestyle habits. These are essential behaviors for managing the disease and preventing acute episodes, with the role of nurses being fundamental, helping them to effectively face the challenges associated with their chronic condition. This report results from the professional internship that aims to describe the development and acquisition of common and specific skills of the Nurse Specialist in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for people with a chronic situation. Completing the internship allowed people with a chronic situation to achieve the aforementioned skills in the area of Nursing. This path was developed in two different clinical contexts that allowed me to develop two care plans for people with compromised cardiorespiratory processes, namely heart failure. The critical and reflective approach allowed me to make the most of my experience in the contexts, when approaching clinical cases and experiences to develop skills.
Chronic disease is a long-lasting and slowly progressive condition, which includes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oncological disease, HIV/AIDS, mental and psychiatric disorders and musculoskeletal diseases. Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death worldwide. As pointed out by the International Council of Nurses (2010), it is estimated that by 2030, approximately 23.6 million people will die due to these diseases, with emphasis on heart disease and stroke. Throughout my professional career, I have focused on people with chronic illnesses, with an emphasis on diseases affecting the cardiorespiratory system, more specifically heart failure. People with heart failure face daily challenges due to the inherent characteristics of the disease. Identifying and monitoring the signs and symptoms that indicate an exacerbation of the disease, concomitantly with the management of a complex medication regimen, are significant challenges for these people. They are often encouraged to adopt self-care practices, related to following a sodium-restricted diet, regularly monitoring body weight, recognizing the warning signs of exacerbation and acquiring healthy lifestyle habits. These are essential behaviors for managing the disease and preventing acute episodes, with the role of nurses being fundamental, helping them to effectively face the challenges associated with their chronic condition. This report results from the professional internship that aims to describe the development and acquisition of common and specific skills of the Nurse Specialist in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for people with a chronic situation. Completing the internship allowed people with a chronic situation to achieve the aforementioned skills in the area of Nursing. This path was developed in two different clinical contexts that allowed me to develop two care plans for people with compromised cardiorespiratory processes, namely heart failure. The critical and reflective approach allowed me to make the most of my experience in the contexts, when approaching clinical cases and experiences to develop skills.
Description
Keywords
Doença Crónica Doenças Cardiovasculares Insuficiência Cardíaca Enfermagem Relatório de estágio