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Abstract(s)
O controlo de condição é uma área importante na manutenção. Um plano de manutenção baseado no controlo de condição permite acompanhar o estado de uma máquina e aferir qual o momento em que esta deixa de operar sob os seus parâmetros normais de funcionamento, começando a tender naturalmente para o estado de avaria, comprometendo, desta forma, todo o sistema a que esta esteja associada. Além da deteção de anomalias, o controlo de condição permite ainda diagnosticar qual o dano presente, através de padrões que se associam a danos específicos e que se têm vindo a validar ao longo dos anos. Estes padrões diferem com o tipo de dano, métodos e técnicas utilizados para a sua identificação.
Deste modo, o presente trabalho incide na sintetização do conhecimento existente relativo ao controlo de condição e no diagnóstico de falhas específicas pela aplicação da análise de vibrações, análise de corrente e análise termográfica, tomando o motor elétrico de indução trifásico como objeto de estudo devido à sua enorme aplicabilidade na indústria e meio naval.
Inicialmente, sintetizaram-se os sintomas das falhas típicas em motores elétricos de indução trifásicos para os três métodos de controlo de condição mencionados, recorrendo-se á bibliografia existente.
Reconhecendo-se a necessidade de validação experimental da sintomatologia recolhida e devido ao facto de os analisadores profissionais serem bastante dispendiosos, procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional em LabVIEW capaz de efetuar análise de vibração e análise de corrente através de dados adquiridos por sensores low-cost e apropriados ao efeito.
Finalmente, a ferramenta acima mencionada foi utilizada para a aquisição e processamento das assinaturas presentes em motores elétricos, propositadamente danificados, procurando-se verificar a concordância com a sintomatologia recolhida.
The condition monitoring is an important area in maintenance. A maintenance plan based on the condition monitoring allows monitoring the state of a machine and ascertain when it stops operating under its normal operating parameters starting to naturally tend to the failure state, which compromises the entire system to which it is associated. In addition to the detection of anomalies, the condition monitoring also allows to diagnose the damage present through patterns that are associated with specific damages and which have been validated over the years. These patterns differ with the type of damage, methods and techniques used to identify them. The present work focuses on the synthesis of existing knowledge regarding condition monitoring and the diagnosis of specific failures by the application of vibration analysis, current analysis and thermographic analysis, taking the three phase induction electric motor as object of study due to the its enormous applicability in the industry and naval environment. The symptoms of typical failures in three-phase induction electric motors were synthesized for the three mentioned condition monitoring methods using the existing literature about it. Recognizing the necessity of experimental validation of the collected symptomatology and due to the fact that the existing professional analyzers are very expensive, a computer tool in LabVIEW capable of performing vibration analysis and current analysis was developed using a low cost and appropriate sensor to the effect. Finally, the mentioned tool was used for the acquisition and processing of the signatures present in purposely damaged electric motors, trying to verify the collected symptomatology.
The condition monitoring is an important area in maintenance. A maintenance plan based on the condition monitoring allows monitoring the state of a machine and ascertain when it stops operating under its normal operating parameters starting to naturally tend to the failure state, which compromises the entire system to which it is associated. In addition to the detection of anomalies, the condition monitoring also allows to diagnose the damage present through patterns that are associated with specific damages and which have been validated over the years. These patterns differ with the type of damage, methods and techniques used to identify them. The present work focuses on the synthesis of existing knowledge regarding condition monitoring and the diagnosis of specific failures by the application of vibration analysis, current analysis and thermographic analysis, taking the three phase induction electric motor as object of study due to the its enormous applicability in the industry and naval environment. The symptoms of typical failures in three-phase induction electric motors were synthesized for the three mentioned condition monitoring methods using the existing literature about it. Recognizing the necessity of experimental validation of the collected symptomatology and due to the fact that the existing professional analyzers are very expensive, a computer tool in LabVIEW capable of performing vibration analysis and current analysis was developed using a low cost and appropriate sensor to the effect. Finally, the mentioned tool was used for the acquisition and processing of the signatures present in purposely damaged electric motors, trying to verify the collected symptomatology.
Description
Keywords
Controlo de condição motores elétricos de indução análise de vibração análise de corrente análise termográfica