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The delicate balance between human occupation and conservation policy is a concurrent conflict of historical, economic and cultural nature. Societal reasoning is a clear-cut understanding that the implementation of conservation policy brings loss, while this is a comfortable situation for conservationists, it brings serious consequences to communities. In such places the decreasing investment along with the loss of the main economic local activities, eventually causes demographic decline, which, in turn, results in aging of the population, culminating in a critical situation with no innovation and poor exchange between socio-economic actors. In a context of worldwide tourism sector expansion and development, tourism sustainability performance of such regions or countries becomes an important goal of strategic planning to ensure an appropriate balance between present and future opportunities. Bearing in mind that peripheral areas have usually been characterized by a low level of autonomy in planning capability, with poor access to and from markets, not included in travel itineraries except from a small portion of independent tourists.
The current paper analyses two different case studies, the first in the small fishing village of the Cape Verde´s Archipelago, Santo Antão Island where the peripheral community of Monte Trigo was surveyed to understand the impact of the solar electricity facility implementation, along with their views on development. Being Tourism one of the most cited options, it is important to evaluate the risks and different types of tourism. The second case study involves the Natural Park of Serras D’aire and Candeeiros (PNSAC), using Census data and Geographical Information Systems analyzed the impact of conservation legislation on the demographic evolution of communities inside the Park. Results brought to evidence the abandonment of traditional economic activities, thus promoting a different trend of demographic development in peripherical Park regions.
Despite the geographical distance and Ecological differences between Coastal Islands and mountainous continental interior, both case studies share and represent both weak and strong tourism sustainability paradigms. Moreover, the core sustainability performance of the studied regions is comparable, which can serve as a starting point that stimulates public and private debate, thus promoting improvement actions to achieve tourism sustainability.
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Activities for the Development of Tourism and Tourism Education