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Publication
Alterações cutâneas do idoso
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A pele é um órgão complexo, sendo crucial, para uma melhor compreensão do seu processo de envelhecimento, o conhecimento da sua organização morfológica, assim como das funções que desempenha. Representa a principal barreira entre o corpo e o exterior e é responsável por inúmeras funções fisiológicas essenciais à vida.
O envelhecimento cutâneo é um fenómeno biológico natural, resultante dos efeitos cumulativos e combinados de vários fatores, intrínsecos e extrínsecos. A população geriátrica é o alvo natural deste fenómeno, mas uma intervenção precoce sobre fatores extrínsecos pode contribuir para um retardamento nas manifestações exteriores.
Dado o aumento considerável da esperança média de vida, este grupo populacional tem vindo a crescer, aumentando, consequentemente, também as patologias crónicas. As alterações cutâneas do idoso são um exemplo desse facto, traduzindo-se em manifestações que podem ser benignas (como rugas, xerose e lentigos actínicos) ou malignas (como o melanoma, carcinoma basocelular ou carcinoma de células escamosas).
Dos fatores extrínsecos implicados nas alterações cutâneas do idoso, a radiação solar é o maior responsável por acelerar o envelhecimento cutâneo e, consequentemente, pela indução de patologias dermatológicas.
Adicionalmente, em geral, a população idosa é um grupo polimedicado. Este facto contribui para uma maior probabilidade de efeitos cutâneos adversos, causados pela medicação. São várias as classes terapêuticas, tradicionalmente usadas pelos idosos, como é o caso dos anti-dislipidémicos, anti-hipertensores e anti-inflamatórios não esteróides, com elevado potencial fotossensibilizante e/ou causador de manifestações cutâneas diversas, como é o caso da xerose e o prurido associado.
O farmacêutico, em virtude da sua proximidade ao doente, tem um papel fundamental na sensibilização e prevenção das doenças geriátricas, particularmente nas de foro dermatológico. Pode contribuir para o envelhecimento saudável da população, através da promoção de campanhas informativas que conduzam a um aumento da literacia em saúde, apelo para a realização de rastreios e sensibilização para os cuidados preventivos, mormente a fotoproteção.
The skin is a complex organ, and in order to understand its aging process, it is crucial to know its morphological organization and its functions. It represents the main barrier between the body and the outside world and is responsible for numerous physiological functions that are essential to life. Skin aging is a natural biological phenomenon resulting from the cumulative and combined effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The geriatric population is the natural target of this phenomenon, however an early intervention on extrinsic factors can contribute to a delay in external cutaneous changes. Considering the significant growth in average life expectancy, this population group has been increasing and, consequently, so have chronic pathologies. Skin changes in the elderly are an example of this, resulting in manifestations that can be benign (such as wrinkles, xerosis and actinic lentigos) or malignant (such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma). Regarding the extrinsic factors involved in skin changes among the elderly, solar radiation is the main factor responsible for accelerating skin aging and, therefore, inducing dermatological pathologies. Furthermore, the elderly population is generally a polymedicated group. This contributes to a higher probability of adverse drug reactions on the skin. There are several therapeutic groups traditionally used by the elderly, such as antidyslipidemics, antihypertensives and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have a high photosensitizing potential and/or cause various skin manifestations, such as xerosis and associated pruritus. Due to their proximity to the patient, pharmacists play a fundamental role in raising awareness and preventing geriatric diseases, particularly dermatological ones. They can contribute to the healthy aging of the population by promoting information campaigns that lead to an increase in health literacy, urging people to get preventative screenings and raising awareness of the precautions to be taken, particularly photoprotection.
The skin is a complex organ, and in order to understand its aging process, it is crucial to know its morphological organization and its functions. It represents the main barrier between the body and the outside world and is responsible for numerous physiological functions that are essential to life. Skin aging is a natural biological phenomenon resulting from the cumulative and combined effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The geriatric population is the natural target of this phenomenon, however an early intervention on extrinsic factors can contribute to a delay in external cutaneous changes. Considering the significant growth in average life expectancy, this population group has been increasing and, consequently, so have chronic pathologies. Skin changes in the elderly are an example of this, resulting in manifestations that can be benign (such as wrinkles, xerosis and actinic lentigos) or malignant (such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma). Regarding the extrinsic factors involved in skin changes among the elderly, solar radiation is the main factor responsible for accelerating skin aging and, therefore, inducing dermatological pathologies. Furthermore, the elderly population is generally a polymedicated group. This contributes to a higher probability of adverse drug reactions on the skin. There are several therapeutic groups traditionally used by the elderly, such as antidyslipidemics, antihypertensives and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have a high photosensitizing potential and/or cause various skin manifestations, such as xerosis and associated pruritus. Due to their proximity to the patient, pharmacists play a fundamental role in raising awareness and preventing geriatric diseases, particularly dermatological ones. They can contribute to the healthy aging of the population by promoting information campaigns that lead to an increase in health literacy, urging people to get preventative screenings and raising awareness of the precautions to be taken, particularly photoprotection.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Pele Envelhecimento Idoso Patologias Alterações cutâneas