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Novas Substâncias Psicoativas na Europa e em Portugal: Enquadramento, evolução e prospetiva de governança
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Resumo(s)
As Novas Substâncias Psicoativas (NSP) constituem uma ameaça emergente aos sistemas jurídico‑reguladores, à saúde pública e à segurança interna, devido à rápida evolução química, à digitalização dos mercados e à circulação transnacional de difícil rastreio. Entre 2008 e 2023, foram identificadas mais de 1.200 NSP a nível global, evidenciando uma aceleração inédita da inovação molecular. O artigo analisa o enquadramento europeu e português, com foco na Região Autónoma da Madeira (RAM), integrando as dinâmicas de consumo, a evolução legislativa – incluindo a Lei n.º 55/2023, de 8 de setembro – e as adaptações institucionais. Com base em análise documental de literatura científica, legislação, relatórios técnicos e dados epidemiológicos, identificam‑se dois biénios críticos na RAM (2011‑2012; 2022‑2023), marcados por picos de internamentos e urgências associados a catinonas sintéticas e canabinóides artificiais. Os resultados evidenciam uma vulnerabilidade extrema durante a proliferação de smartshops e confirmam a RAM como caso pioneiro na adoção da quarentena administrativa e de um modelo de governança intersectorial. Propõe‑se, por fim, um quadro prospetivo de governação multinível, assente em interoperabilidade digital, reforço laboratorial, ciberinvestigação e atualizações normativas dinâmicas, orientado para um ecossistema de resposta inteligente, antecipatória e preventiva às NSP.
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) constitute an emerging threat that challenges legal-regulatory systems, public health infrastructures and internal security models, due to their rapid chemical evolution, market digitalisation and hard-to-trace transnational circulation. Between 2008 and 2023, more than 1,200 NPS were identified worldwide, evidencing an unprecedented acceleration in molecular innovation. This article examines the European and Portuguese frameworks, focusing on the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM), and integrates consumption dynamics, legislative developments –including Law No. 55/2023 –and institutional adaptations. Based on documentary analysis of scientific literature, legislation, technical reports and epidemiological data, it identifies two critical biennia in RAM (2011–2012; 2022–2023), marked by peaks in psychiatric admissions and emergency presentations associated with synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids. The findings highlight extreme vulnerability during the period ofsmartshop proliferation and confirm RAM as a pioneering case in the adoption of administrative quarantine and an intersectoral governance model. Finally, the article proposes a prospective multi-level governance framework, grounded in digital interoperability, enhanced laboratory capacity, cyber-investigation and dynamic regulatory updating, aimed at an intelligent, anticipatory and preventive response ecosystem to NPS.
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) constitute an emerging threat that challenges legal-regulatory systems, public health infrastructures and internal security models, due to their rapid chemical evolution, market digitalisation and hard-to-trace transnational circulation. Between 2008 and 2023, more than 1,200 NPS were identified worldwide, evidencing an unprecedented acceleration in molecular innovation. This article examines the European and Portuguese frameworks, focusing on the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM), and integrates consumption dynamics, legislative developments –including Law No. 55/2023 –and institutional adaptations. Based on documentary analysis of scientific literature, legislation, technical reports and epidemiological data, it identifies two critical biennia in RAM (2011–2012; 2022–2023), marked by peaks in psychiatric admissions and emergency presentations associated with synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids. The findings highlight extreme vulnerability during the period ofsmartshop proliferation and confirm RAM as a pioneering case in the adoption of administrative quarantine and an intersectoral governance model. Finally, the article proposes a prospective multi-level governance framework, grounded in digital interoperability, enhanced laboratory capacity, cyber-investigation and dynamic regulatory updating, aimed at an intelligent, anticipatory and preventive response ecosystem to NPS.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
novas substâncias psicoativas segurança interna controlo de drogas riscos emergentes internal security new psychoactive substances control and monitoring public risk
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Fernandes, R. N. A. (2026). Novas Substâncias Psicoativas na Europa e em Portugal: Enquadramento, evolução e prospetiva de governança. Revista Do Instituto Brasileiro De Segurança Pública (RIBSP), 9(23), 9–36. https://doi.org/10.36776/ribsp.v9i23.356
Editora
Instituto Brasileiro de Segurança Pública
Licença CC
Sem licença CC