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Publication
A saliva como meio de diagnóstico
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A saliva é um biofluido complexo e multifuncional. As diversas moléculas que fazem parte da sua composição podem atuar como verdadeiros biomarcadores, refletindo, em cada momento, o estado de saúde ou de doença de um indivíduo. A utilização da saliva para deteção e monitorização de doenças e de resposta a tratamentos tem suscitado o interesse de muitos investigadores devido ao caráter simples, económico e não invasivo da sua colheita. Estas características tornam a colheita salivar uma alternativa viável a métodos mais desconfortáveis de diagnóstico, como a recolha sanguínea e urinária, facilitando a recetividade da população a este meio de diagnóstico, o que pode possibilitar a deteção precoce de determinados estados de doença, através da identificação de biomarcadores salivares específicos. Estes, individualmente ou em combinação, podem estar associados a inúmeras doenças orais e sistémicas, favorecendo a deteção precoce das mesmas após a análise salivar. Na área da medicina dentária, as doenças que apresentam maior impacto a nível global são o cancro oral, a cárie dentária e a doença periodontal. Devido à sua prevalência bastante elevada, é importante a deteção precoce destas doenças de modo a intervir em fases iniciais das mesmas, aplicando tratamentos adequados e prevenindo a sua evolução para estadios mais avançados e mórbidos, com consequências severas para a qualidade de vida dos doentes. Os principais obstáculos deste método devem ser ultrapassados de modo a melhorar os promissores resultados atuais, investindo na realização de múltiplos estudos em populações mais abrangentes e no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de colheita e análise, recorrendo cada vez mais à combinação de biomarcadores.
Saliva is a complex and multifunctional biofluid. The various molecules that are part of its composition may act as true biomarkers, reflecting at every moment the state of health or illness of an individual. The use of saliva for disease detection and monitoring and treatment response has been of interest to many researchers due to the simple, economic and non-invasive nature of their collection. These characteristics make salivary collection a viable alternative to more uncomfortable methods of diagnosis, such as blood and urine collection, facilitating the population's receptivity to this diagnostic medium, which may allow the early detection of certain disease states by identifying of specific salivary biomarkers. These, individually or in combination, may be associated with numerous oral and systemic diseases, favoring their early detection after salivary analysis. In the area of dentistry, the diseases with the greatest impact at the global level are oral cancer, dental caries and periodontal disease. Due to their high prevalence, it is important to detect these diseases early in order to intervene in their initial phases, applying appropriate treatments and preventing their evolution to more advanced and morbid stages, with severe consequences for patients' quality of life. The main obstacles to this method must be overcome in order to improve the current promising results, by investing in multiple studies in larger populations and in the development of new collection and analysis technologies, increasingly resorting to the combination of biomarkers.
Saliva is a complex and multifunctional biofluid. The various molecules that are part of its composition may act as true biomarkers, reflecting at every moment the state of health or illness of an individual. The use of saliva for disease detection and monitoring and treatment response has been of interest to many researchers due to the simple, economic and non-invasive nature of their collection. These characteristics make salivary collection a viable alternative to more uncomfortable methods of diagnosis, such as blood and urine collection, facilitating the population's receptivity to this diagnostic medium, which may allow the early detection of certain disease states by identifying of specific salivary biomarkers. These, individually or in combination, may be associated with numerous oral and systemic diseases, favoring their early detection after salivary analysis. In the area of dentistry, the diseases with the greatest impact at the global level are oral cancer, dental caries and periodontal disease. Due to their high prevalence, it is important to detect these diseases early in order to intervene in their initial phases, applying appropriate treatments and preventing their evolution to more advanced and morbid stages, with severe consequences for patients' quality of life. The main obstacles to this method must be overcome in order to improve the current promising results, by investing in multiple studies in larger populations and in the development of new collection and analysis technologies, increasingly resorting to the combination of biomarkers.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Biomarcadores salivares Cancro oral Cárie dentária Doença periodontal