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A Vespa velutina: um assunto de Proteção Civil?
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Abstract(s)
A Vespa velutina nigrithorax é uma espécie exótica invasora oriunda do sudeste asiático, que terá sido acidentalmente introduzida na Europa algures na primeira década deste século, chegando à região norte de Portugal no início da segunda década. Desde então tem vindo a expandir-se para sul, deixando um rasto de destruição em particular nas colónias de abelhas melíferas.
O ser humano tem também vindo a ser alvo direto desta espécie, embora não seja considerada pela comunidade científica mais perigosa que outras espécies de vespas como a Vespa crabro. Contudo, pela sua agressividade exacerbada, tamanho de ferrão e quantidade de veneno injetada pela picada, tem vindo a revelar-se fatal para algumas pessoas, causando morte por anafilaxia.
As autoridades florestais, designadamente o Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas (ICNF), têm acompanhado este percurso migratório e têm vindo a delegar o combate à espécie nos gabinetes técnicos florestais e nos serviços municipais de proteção civil em cada um dos concelhos do país. Outras Entidades como a Direção Geral da Agricultura e Veterinária (DGAV) e o Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), têm acompanhado e dado o seu contributo, quer na sensibilização das populações afetadas, quer no enriquecimento do conhecimento da espécie.
Questionados os interlocutores municipais por todo o país quanto à contenção do problema, a grande maioria apresenta sérias dúvidas que a espécie deixe de ser uma ameaça no futuro próximo. Urge, pois, repensar as medidas de combate e todas as contribuições neste sentido são importantes.
É finalidade deste trabalho dar um modesto contributo nesse sentido, compilando o conhecimento científico de referência, auscultando as Entidades diretamente envolvidas no assunto e, tanto quanto possível, procurando deixar algumas conclusões e sugestões que possam convidar a futuros novos contributos na matéria, a saber e entre outros, a eventual criação de uma task-force dirigida, a uniformização dos métodos de combate à espécie, a criação de ações de formação modulares ajustáveis aos diversos públicos-alvo de referência, a introdução da figura de um elo de ligação entre as Entidades oficiais adstritas à CVV e os diversos atores no terreno, etc.
The Vespa velutina nigrithorax is an invasive alien species from Southeast Asia, which was accidentally introduced into Europe sometime in the first decade of this century, reaching the northern region of Portugal at the beginning of the second decade. Since then, it has been expanding to the south, leaving a particular destruction in honeybee colonies. Humans have also been a direct target of this species, although not considered by the scientific community more dangerous than other wasp species such as Vespa crabro. However, its exacerbated aggressiveness, sting size and amount of poison injected by the bite, has proved fatal for some people, causing death by anaphylaxis. The forest authorities, namely Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas (ICNF), have followed this migratory route and have been delegated the fight against the species in the technical forestry offices and municipal civil protection services in each of the municipalities of the country. Other Entities such as Direção Geral da Agricultura e Veterinária (DGAV) and Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), have accompanied and contributed, both in raising awareness of affected populations and in enriching the knowledge about the species. Inquired the municipal interlocutors throughout the country about the containment of the problem, the vast majority have serious doubts that the species will no longer be a threat in the near future. It is therefore urgent to rethink the measures of combat and all contributions in this regard are important. It is purpose of this work to make a modest contribution in this sense, compiling the scientific knowledge of reference, listening to the Entities directly involved in the subject and, as far as possible, trying to leave some conclusions and suggestions that may invite future new contributions in the matter, such as, and among others, the possible creation of a targeted task force, the standardization of methods to combat the species, the creation of modular training actions adjustable to the various reference target audiences, the introduction of the figure of a liaison agent between the CVV’s official entities and the various actors on the field, etc..
The Vespa velutina nigrithorax is an invasive alien species from Southeast Asia, which was accidentally introduced into Europe sometime in the first decade of this century, reaching the northern region of Portugal at the beginning of the second decade. Since then, it has been expanding to the south, leaving a particular destruction in honeybee colonies. Humans have also been a direct target of this species, although not considered by the scientific community more dangerous than other wasp species such as Vespa crabro. However, its exacerbated aggressiveness, sting size and amount of poison injected by the bite, has proved fatal for some people, causing death by anaphylaxis. The forest authorities, namely Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas (ICNF), have followed this migratory route and have been delegated the fight against the species in the technical forestry offices and municipal civil protection services in each of the municipalities of the country. Other Entities such as Direção Geral da Agricultura e Veterinária (DGAV) and Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), have accompanied and contributed, both in raising awareness of affected populations and in enriching the knowledge about the species. Inquired the municipal interlocutors throughout the country about the containment of the problem, the vast majority have serious doubts that the species will no longer be a threat in the near future. It is therefore urgent to rethink the measures of combat and all contributions in this regard are important. It is purpose of this work to make a modest contribution in this sense, compiling the scientific knowledge of reference, listening to the Entities directly involved in the subject and, as far as possible, trying to leave some conclusions and suggestions that may invite future new contributions in the matter, such as, and among others, the possible creation of a targeted task force, the standardization of methods to combat the species, the creation of modular training actions adjustable to the various reference target audiences, the introduction of the figure of a liaison agent between the CVV’s official entities and the various actors on the field, etc..
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Keywords
Vespa velutina, Vespa asiática, Espécie Exótica Invasora, Proteção Civil, Ninhos, Risco ambiental, Saúde pública Vespa velutina, Vespa asiática, Invasive Alien Species, Civil Protection, Nests, Environmental risk, Public health