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Publication
Diabetes mellitus em cães: possíveis fatores predisponentes
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A diabetes mellitus canina é uma endocrinopatia frequente, caraterizada por um estado
de hiperglicemia crónica e pela necessidade de tratamento contínuo com insulinoterapia,
controlo rigoroso da alimentação e atividade física, e monitorização regular dos níveis
de glicose no sangue. Este relatório apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido durante o estágio
curricular em enfermagem veterinária, ao longo de 12 semanas, na Clínica Veterinária
112 Animal, em Évora. Teve como principal objetivo aplicar, em contexto clínico, os
conhecimentos teóricos adquiridos durante a licenciatura, aliando-os à prática diária, e
promover o desenvolvimento de competências interpessoais e técnicas essenciais ao
exercício da profissão. Para além da componente prática nas diferentes áreas onde foram
acompanhados 252 animais, foi realizada uma análise aos possíveis fatores
predisponentes e complicações associadas em seis cães com diabetes mellitus. Foram
consideradas variáveis como o sexo, a idade, a raça, o estado reprodutivo, peso corporal,
tipo de alimentação, sinais clínicos identificados no diagnóstico, exames laboratoriais e
possíveis complicações associadas. Os dados revelaram uma maior frequência em fêmeas
inteiras (66,7%), com idade superior a 6 anos (100%), de pequeno a médio porte, e como
sinal mais comum a perda de peso (100%). As complicações mais frequentes foram as
cataratas (83,3%) e a cetoacidose diabética (66,7%), sendo esta última a principal causa
de mortalidade (60%). As principais limitações impostas a este estudo foram de natureza
económica, que condicionaram a realização de exames complementares de diagnóstico
e a monitorização adequada da glicemia, o que influenciou diretamente o controlo da
doença e a taxa de sobrevivência destes animais. O estudo destaca ainda a função do
enfermeiro veterinário na educação do tutor, na monitorização dos níveis de glicose no
sangue e na gestão do controlo da doença. Assim, um acompanhamento próximo é
fundamental para reduzir o impacto da doença e promover o bem-estar.
Canine diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and the need for ongoing treatment with insulin therapy, strict control of diet and physical activity, and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. This report presents the work carried out during the 12 week veterinary nursing internship at Clínica Veterinária 112 Animal, in Évora. The main objective was to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired during the degree course in a clinical context, combining it with daily practice, and to promote the development of interpersonal and technical skills, essential to the profession. In addition to the practical component in the different areas where 252 animals were monitored, an analysis was conducted on possible predisposing factors and associated complications in six dogs with diabetes mellitus. Variables such as sex, age, breed, reproductive status, body weight, type of diet, clinical signs identified in the diagnosis, laboratory tests, and possible associated complications were considered. The data revealed a higher frequency in intact females over 6 years of age (66,7%), small to medium sized, with weight loss as the most common sign (100%). The most frequent complications were cataracts (83.3%) and diabetic ketoacidosis (66.7%), the latter being the main cause of mortality (60%). The main limitations imposed on this study were economic in nature, which conditioned the performance of complementary diagnostic tests and adequate monitoring of blood glucose levels, which directly influenced the control of the disease and the survival rate of these animals. The study also highlights the role of the veterinary nurses in educating the owner, monitoring blood glucose levels, and managing disease control. Therefore, close monitoring is essential to reduce the impact of the disease and promote well-being.
Canine diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and the need for ongoing treatment with insulin therapy, strict control of diet and physical activity, and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. This report presents the work carried out during the 12 week veterinary nursing internship at Clínica Veterinária 112 Animal, in Évora. The main objective was to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired during the degree course in a clinical context, combining it with daily practice, and to promote the development of interpersonal and technical skills, essential to the profession. In addition to the practical component in the different areas where 252 animals were monitored, an analysis was conducted on possible predisposing factors and associated complications in six dogs with diabetes mellitus. Variables such as sex, age, breed, reproductive status, body weight, type of diet, clinical signs identified in the diagnosis, laboratory tests, and possible associated complications were considered. The data revealed a higher frequency in intact females over 6 years of age (66,7%), small to medium sized, with weight loss as the most common sign (100%). The most frequent complications were cataracts (83.3%) and diabetic ketoacidosis (66.7%), the latter being the main cause of mortality (60%). The main limitations imposed on this study were economic in nature, which conditioned the performance of complementary diagnostic tests and adequate monitoring of blood glucose levels, which directly influenced the control of the disease and the survival rate of these animals. The study also highlights the role of the veterinary nurses in educating the owner, monitoring blood glucose levels, and managing disease control. Therefore, close monitoring is essential to reduce the impact of the disease and promote well-being.
Description
Keywords
Canídeos Cetoacidose diabética Diabetes mellitus Insulinoterapia Monitorização glicémica Diabetic ketoacidosis Glycemic monitoring Insulin therapy Veterinary nursing
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Ribeiro, M.M. V. da C. (2025). Diabetes mellitus em cães: possíveis fatores predisponentes. Escolas Superior de Biociências de Elvas. Dissertação de Licenciatura. Repositório