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Avaliação de risco de espécies de plantas exóticas
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Abstract(s)
RESUMO
As plantas invasoras são espécies exóticas que são introduzidas em territórios
afastados daqueles de onde são nativas, estabelecendo lá populações com potencial
para se reproduzirem rápida e descontroladamente. Os elevados níveis de densidade
populacional que atingem podem causar pressão nos ecossistemas naturais e
representar uma séria ameaça para a biodiversidade, com os consequentes impactes
negativos a nível ecológico, económico e social.
Face ao potencial invasor de certas espécies presentes atualmente em território
nacional, reveste-se de particular importância a deteção e erradicação precoces
dessas espécies, o que permitirá salvar recursos naturais e evitar impactes maiores
para a biodiversidade. Por outro lado, a gestão e controlo, das espécies invasoras
apresenta alguns desafios, nomeadamente no que respeita à escolha das
metodologias de controlo mais eficazes e à complexidade e custos das intervenções,
pelo que se justifica a elaboração de avaliações de risco que permitam estabelecer
prioridades e identificar as espécies que representam um risco mais elevado. Acresce
que o Regulamento Europeu Nº 1143/14 aponta para a necessidade de se elaborar
avaliações de risco para a sua inclusão nas espécies na Lista da União.
Com esta dissertação pretende-se realizar a avaliação de risco para três
espécies exóticas que já estabeleceram populações em território português, apesar de
apenas nalguns territórios insulares: Cyathea cooperi, Cyrtomium falcatum e
Leycesteria formosa. Espera-se que os resultados destas avaliações possam
contribuir para a prevenção de eventuais invasões biológicas em novos territórios,
nomeadamente através da eventual sugestão da inclusão destas espécies na Lista da
União.
As conclusões deste estudo apontam para uma classificação de risco elevada
para as três espécies nos territórios insulares, em especial nos Açores, onde a ameça
de invasão causa maiores preocupações
Palavras-chave: espécies exóticas, plantas invasoras, biodiversidade, ecossistemas,
invasão biológica
ABSTRACT Invasive plants are exotic species that are introduced into territories remote from those where they are native, establishing populations with potential to reproduce rapidly and wildly. The high levels of population density they reach can cause pressure on natural ecosystems and pose a serious threat to biodiversity, with consequent negative ecological, economic and social impacts. In view of the invasive potential of certain species present in the national territory, the early detection and eradication of these species is of particular importance, which will save natural resources and avoid major impacts on biodiversity. On the other hand, the management and control of invasive species present some challenges, in particular regarding the choice of the most effective control methodologies and the complexity and cost of interventions, and it is therefore appropriate to draw up risk assessment studies to establish priorities by identifying the species which pose a higher risk. In addition, European Regulation No. 1143/14 points to the need to develop risk assessments for their inclusion in species in the Union List. This dissertation intends to carry out the risk assessment for three exotic species that have already established populations in Portuguese territory, although only in some island territories: Cyathea cooperi, Cyrtomium falcatum and Leycesteria formosa. The results of these assessments are expected to contribute to the prevention of possible biological invasions in new territories, including through the possible suggestion of including these species in the Union List. The conclusions of this study point to a high-risk classification for the three species in the island territories, especially in the Azores, where invasion threat causes major concerns. Keywords: exotic species, invasive plants, biodiversity, ecosystems, biological invasion
ABSTRACT Invasive plants are exotic species that are introduced into territories remote from those where they are native, establishing populations with potential to reproduce rapidly and wildly. The high levels of population density they reach can cause pressure on natural ecosystems and pose a serious threat to biodiversity, with consequent negative ecological, economic and social impacts. In view of the invasive potential of certain species present in the national territory, the early detection and eradication of these species is of particular importance, which will save natural resources and avoid major impacts on biodiversity. On the other hand, the management and control of invasive species present some challenges, in particular regarding the choice of the most effective control methodologies and the complexity and cost of interventions, and it is therefore appropriate to draw up risk assessment studies to establish priorities by identifying the species which pose a higher risk. In addition, European Regulation No. 1143/14 points to the need to develop risk assessments for their inclusion in species in the Union List. This dissertation intends to carry out the risk assessment for three exotic species that have already established populations in Portuguese territory, although only in some island territories: Cyathea cooperi, Cyrtomium falcatum and Leycesteria formosa. The results of these assessments are expected to contribute to the prevention of possible biological invasions in new territories, including through the possible suggestion of including these species in the Union List. The conclusions of this study point to a high-risk classification for the three species in the island territories, especially in the Azores, where invasion threat causes major concerns. Keywords: exotic species, invasive plants, biodiversity, ecosystems, biological invasion
Description
Keywords
Espécies exóticas Plantas invasoras Biodiversidade Ecossistemas Invasão biológica