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Exploratory Cross-Country Analysis of AI Adoption in Higher Education_ Regulatory Frameworks, Cultural Influences, and Practical Applications in Polytechnic University of Coimbra
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Over the past two years, following the launch of ChatGPT, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a central topic of debate in higher education, raising questions about how prepared teachers are to integrate these technologies into their teaching and administrative activities. This dissertation analyses how teaching staff and researchers at the Polytechnic University of Coimbra (IPC) perceive the adoption and use of AI in their daily tasks, as well as the main difficulties and concerns they associate with this integration. Using a questionnaire applied to IPC teachers from different scientific fields, the study assesses levels of self‑efficacy in using AI, patterns of use across different tasks, and perceptions of institutional support, cultural factors, and regulatory frameworks .
The results reveal moderately positive levels of self‑efficacy, but also significant heterogeneity between teachers, with generational asymmetries and differences in perceived institutional support. AI use is mainly concentrated in instrumental tasks, such as translation and writing support, while the adoption of AI for more advanced activities, including quantitative data analysis and AI‑supported pedagogical decision‑making, remains limited. The study also identifies considerable anxiety regarding discriminatory bias, data protection and the “black box” nature of AI systems, which is associated with a preference for clear and centralised regulatory frameworks, such as the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act). By comparing the collected data with findings from other international partners involved in the transnational project, this work contributes to a broader and contextualised understanding of AI adoption in higher education. The dissertation offers practical insights for institutions seeking to promote informed, ethical and sustainable integration of AI, supporting teacher preparedness, regulatory alignment and the development of AI literacy in higher education.
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Artificial Intelligence Higher Education Technology Adoption Organizational Culture Transnational Analysis