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Authors
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho surge em resposta à Diretiva Estratégica da Marinha 2018
(DEM 2018), que define como objetivo "aumentar a prontidão das unidades operacionais
e o seu empenhamento no apoio à política externa", através do desenvolvimento
de capacidades no âmbito dos veículos não tripulados.
Numa fase inicial deste trabalho será realizado um levamento de especificações
e requisitos, tendo como base as necessidades da Marinha Portuguesa, nos
quais serão debatidas possíveis missões de interesse a realizar por veículos aéreos
não tripulados (VANTs).
Após identificar o problema do trabalho, são estabelecidas as especificações
e os requisitos finais para o VANT a projetar, seguindo-se um estudo de mercado e
investigação de soluções já existentes que apresentem capacidades operacionais similares.
Tendo como base o conhecimento recolhido, tem início o projeto conceptual,
que consiste numa análise, principalmente, qualitativa das principais características
do VANT. Nesta fase são ainda debatidas várias configurações dos principais
componentes do VANT (a asa, a cauda, a fuselagem, o sistema de propulsão e as
superfícies de controlo), contemplando as vantagens e desvantagens, que mais se
adequem às missões a desempenhar. Por fim, pretende-se aplicar um processo analítico
hierárquico para selecionar a configuração final à luz das diversas vantagens e
desvantagens identificadas.
Uma vez definida a configuração do VANT, prossegue-se com o projeto
conceptual do VANT, efetuando o dimensionamento inicial do VANT, que inclui o
projeto da asa principal, dos estabilizadores horizontal e vertical, da fuselagem, do
sistema de propulsão e das superfícies de controlo.
Neste trabalho obteve-se o projeto conceptual de um VANT elétrico, com
a envergadura de 3 m e a capacidade de transportar uma carga até 2, 5 kg (por
exemplo, uma câmara do tipo gimbal para efetuar vigilância marítima durante 2 h,
com um custo aproximado de 2 600 €. O VANT pode ser operado, exclusivamente,
a partir de um navio, sendo lançado por uma catapulta e recolhido por uma rede.
This work arises in response to the 2018 Navy’s Strategic Directive, which sets the objective of "increasing the readiness of operational units and their commitment to support the foreign policy", through the development of unmanned vehicles’ capabilities. At the initial phase of this work, a survey of specifications and requirements will be performed, based on the needs of the Portuguese Navy, discussing the interest of possible missions that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) may be execute. After the problem identification, the specifications and final requirements are established for the UAV design project, followed by a market study and an investigation of existing solutions that may have similar operational capabilities. Based on the previous knowledge, the conceptual project begins, which consists mainly in a qualitative analysis of the main characteristics of the UAV. At this stage, various configurations of the main components of the UAV (the wing, the tail, the fuselage, the propulsion system and the control surfaces) are also discussed, inlcluding advantages and disadvantages, which are best suited to the missions to be performed. Finally, it is intended to apply a hierarchical analytical process in order to select the final configuration, based on the various advantages and disadvantages identified. Once the UAV configuration is defined, the conceptual design process procedes with the initial sizing of the UAV, that includes the design of the main wing, the horizontal and vertical tail, the fuselage, the propulsion system and the control surfaces. In this work, the conceptual design of an electric UAV was achieved, with a wingspan of 3 m and the capacity to carry a payload up to 2, 5 kg (for example, a UAV gimbal) in order to perform maritime surveillance for 2 h. The UAV can be operated, exclusively, from a ship, designed to be catapult-launched and recovered by net.
This work arises in response to the 2018 Navy’s Strategic Directive, which sets the objective of "increasing the readiness of operational units and their commitment to support the foreign policy", through the development of unmanned vehicles’ capabilities. At the initial phase of this work, a survey of specifications and requirements will be performed, based on the needs of the Portuguese Navy, discussing the interest of possible missions that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) may be execute. After the problem identification, the specifications and final requirements are established for the UAV design project, followed by a market study and an investigation of existing solutions that may have similar operational capabilities. Based on the previous knowledge, the conceptual project begins, which consists mainly in a qualitative analysis of the main characteristics of the UAV. At this stage, various configurations of the main components of the UAV (the wing, the tail, the fuselage, the propulsion system and the control surfaces) are also discussed, inlcluding advantages and disadvantages, which are best suited to the missions to be performed. Finally, it is intended to apply a hierarchical analytical process in order to select the final configuration, based on the various advantages and disadvantages identified. Once the UAV configuration is defined, the conceptual design process procedes with the initial sizing of the UAV, that includes the design of the main wing, the horizontal and vertical tail, the fuselage, the propulsion system and the control surfaces. In this work, the conceptual design of an electric UAV was achieved, with a wingspan of 3 m and the capacity to carry a payload up to 2, 5 kg (for example, a UAV gimbal) in order to perform maritime surveillance for 2 h. The UAV can be operated, exclusively, from a ship, designed to be catapult-launched and recovered by net.
Description
Keywords
Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados UAV Projeto Aeronáutico Vigilância Marítima Reconhecimento