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Publication
Base de dados de identificação de impressões digitais
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Authors
Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho de investigação foi subordinado ao tema: “Base de dados de identificação de impressões digitais – A identificação Civil e Criminal”. A prova lofoscópica, pelas suas características, apresenta-se como um elemento fundamental no âmbito da investigação criminal, pelo que o acesso a uma base de dados que contempla a resenha lofoscópica de todos os cidadãos poderá tornar-se uma ferramenta com grande relevância no campo da investigação criminal. Contudo o acesso e utilização poderá colidir com direitos, liberdades e garantias dos cidadãos.
Assim, a investigação tem como objetivo principal investigar se o referido acesso por parte das forças e serviços de segurança à base de dados civil de impressões digitais, no âmbito da investigação criminal, coloca em causa os direitos, liberdades e garantias dos cidadãos.
A metodologia empregue segue uma matriz dedutiva, focando-se numa revisão sistemática da literatura que teve como base a análise documental sobre as premissas em estudo e análise das entrevistas efetuadas a especialistas na área.
Concluímos que a principal vantagem de acesso à base de identificação civil se caracteriza pelo facto de contemplar todos os cidadãos, ao contrário da base já existente para fins de identificação criminal que apenas é composta por indivíduos já condenados em processo-crime. Contudo, apresenta como principal inconveniente o facto de apenas ter no seu registo os dois dedos indicadores o que, em determinados casos, poderá tornar a mesma irrelevante. No que respeita à relação da sua utilização com os direitos, liberdades e garantias dos cidadãos constitucionalmente previstos, esta colidirá com os mesmos se o acesso não estiver previsto na lei e o seu acesso não se constituir como forma de defesa de direitos de outrem.
The present research work is subordinated to the theme: “Fingerprint identification data base - The Civil and Criminal Identification”. The lophoscopic evidence, for its characteristics, presents itself as a fundamental element within the scope of the criminal investigation, so the access to a data base that contains the lophoscopic information of all citizens might become a tool of great relevance in the field of criminal investigation, however its access and usage can clash with the citizens’ rights, liberties and guarantees. This way the research has as the main goal the investigation and if the previously mentioned access by law enforcement forces and services to the civil fingerprint data base, in the field of criminal investigation, compromises the citizens’ rights, liberties and guarantees. The used methodology follows a deductive model, focusing itself in a systematic review of the literature that had as base the documental analysis about the premisses under study and the analysis of interviews made to specialists in the field of study. We can conclude the main advantage of the base of civil identification is characterized by the contemplation of all citizens, unlike the previous existing data base of criminal identification made up of only previously convicted individuals, in criminal procedures. However the main setback comes from having in record only the two index fingers, which, in particular case, might be irrelevant. Regarding the relation between this usage and the citizens’ rights, liberties and guarantees constitutionally foreseen will only clash if the access is not provided by pre established laws and is not a form of defense of the rights of others.
The present research work is subordinated to the theme: “Fingerprint identification data base - The Civil and Criminal Identification”. The lophoscopic evidence, for its characteristics, presents itself as a fundamental element within the scope of the criminal investigation, so the access to a data base that contains the lophoscopic information of all citizens might become a tool of great relevance in the field of criminal investigation, however its access and usage can clash with the citizens’ rights, liberties and guarantees. This way the research has as the main goal the investigation and if the previously mentioned access by law enforcement forces and services to the civil fingerprint data base, in the field of criminal investigation, compromises the citizens’ rights, liberties and guarantees. The used methodology follows a deductive model, focusing itself in a systematic review of the literature that had as base the documental analysis about the premisses under study and the analysis of interviews made to specialists in the field of study. We can conclude the main advantage of the base of civil identification is characterized by the contemplation of all citizens, unlike the previous existing data base of criminal identification made up of only previously convicted individuals, in criminal procedures. However the main setback comes from having in record only the two index fingers, which, in particular case, might be irrelevant. Regarding the relation between this usage and the citizens’ rights, liberties and guarantees constitutionally foreseen will only clash if the access is not provided by pre established laws and is not a form of defense of the rights of others.
Description
Keywords
Base de dados Direitos pessoais Impressões digitais Investigação criminal