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A microbiota oral e o seu potencial no cancro esofágico
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O cancro esofágico é a oitava patologia oncológica mais frequente e a sexta principal causa de morte por cancro mundialmente (Chen, Yuan, Lu, Zhang, Jin & Ye, 2017). Os tumores esofágicos leves são raros, é a sua forma maligna que aparenta ser mais frequente (Malinowski, Wesierska, Sokolowska & Zalewska, 2019). A microbiota oral parece ter influência nas duas formas de malignidade desta neoplasia, no adenocarcinoma do esófago (ACE) e no carcinoma de células escamosas do esófago (CCEE).
Na cavidade oral, inúmeras bactérias formam uma comunidade bacteriana complexa e estável, que pode desempenhar um papel importante nas doenças orais e sistémicas.
Considerando que a microbiota oral é constantemente deglutida com a saliva é razoável considerar que esta migração de bactérias orais, pode contribuir para a carcinogénese esofágica (Shinya, Toru, Kenji, Mikari, Rie, Michiko, Yukie et al., 2019).
Existem evidências acumuladas de que a disbiose microbiana no trato digestivo superior é um fator de risco potencial na etiologia do cancro esofágico (Peters, Wu, Pei, Yang, Purdue, Freedman, Jacobs et al., 2017). Estudos recentes revelam que, perante esta patologia, a microbiota oral abriga uma diversidade microbiana geral diminuída em paralelo com uma alteração do consórcio microbiano, com um enriquecimento de bactérias como Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusubacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola e Tannerella
forsythia. Estas bactérias parecem participar na carcinogénese através de diferentes mecanismos, podendo inibir a apoptose, ativar a proliferação celular, promover a invasão celular, induzir inflamação crónica e a produção de carcinogéneo (Qi, Jiao, Chen, Kong, Gu, Liu, Feng et al., 2020).
Neste contexto, o objetivo desta revisão da literatura foi avaliar, através de uma revisão bibliográfica dos últimos 15 anos, nas bases de dados PUBMED, B-On, Google Académico, Cochrane, os possíveis mecanismos que associam algumas das bactérias da microbiota oral com os estágios de iniciação, promoção e progressão do cancro do esófago.
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most frequent cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide (Chen, Yuan, Lu, Zhang, Jin & Ye, 2017). Mild esophageal tumors are rare, it is their malignant form that appears to be more frequent (Malinowski, Wesierska, Sokolowska & Zalewska, 2019). The oral microbiota seems to influence the two forms of malignancy of this neoplasm, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the oral cavity, numerous bacteria form a complex and stable bacterial community that can play an important role in oral and systemic diseases. Considering that the oral microbiota is constantly swallowed with saliva, it is reasonable to consider that this migration of oral bacteria may contribute to esophageal carcinogenesis (Shinya, Toru, Kenji, Mikari, Rie, Michiko, Yukie et al., 2019). There is mounting evidence that microbial dysbiosis in the upper digestive tract is a potential risk factor in the etiology of esophageal cancer (Peters, Wu, Pei, Yang, Purdue, Freedman, Jacobs et al., 2017). Recent studies reveal that, in view of this pathology, the oral microbiota harbors a general microbial diversity decreased in parallel with an alteration of the microbial consortium, with an enrichment of bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusubacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia. These bacteria seem to participate in carcinogenesis through different mechanisms, being able to inhibit apoptosis, activate cell proliferation, promote cell invasion, induce chronic inflammation and carcinogen production (Qi, Jiao, Chen, Kong, Gu, Liu, Feng et al., 2020). In this context, the objective of this literature review was to evaluate, through a literature review of the last 15 years, in the databases PUBMED, B-On, Academic Google, Cochrane, the possible mechanisms that associate some of the bacteria of the oral microbiota with the stages of initiation, promotion and progression of esophageal cancer.
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most frequent cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide (Chen, Yuan, Lu, Zhang, Jin & Ye, 2017). Mild esophageal tumors are rare, it is their malignant form that appears to be more frequent (Malinowski, Wesierska, Sokolowska & Zalewska, 2019). The oral microbiota seems to influence the two forms of malignancy of this neoplasm, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the oral cavity, numerous bacteria form a complex and stable bacterial community that can play an important role in oral and systemic diseases. Considering that the oral microbiota is constantly swallowed with saliva, it is reasonable to consider that this migration of oral bacteria may contribute to esophageal carcinogenesis (Shinya, Toru, Kenji, Mikari, Rie, Michiko, Yukie et al., 2019). There is mounting evidence that microbial dysbiosis in the upper digestive tract is a potential risk factor in the etiology of esophageal cancer (Peters, Wu, Pei, Yang, Purdue, Freedman, Jacobs et al., 2017). Recent studies reveal that, in view of this pathology, the oral microbiota harbors a general microbial diversity decreased in parallel with an alteration of the microbial consortium, with an enrichment of bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusubacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia. These bacteria seem to participate in carcinogenesis through different mechanisms, being able to inhibit apoptosis, activate cell proliferation, promote cell invasion, induce chronic inflammation and carcinogen production (Qi, Jiao, Chen, Kong, Gu, Liu, Feng et al., 2020). In this context, the objective of this literature review was to evaluate, through a literature review of the last 15 years, in the databases PUBMED, B-On, Academic Google, Cochrane, the possible mechanisms that associate some of the bacteria of the oral microbiota with the stages of initiation, promotion and progression of esophageal cancer.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Cancro esofágico Microbiota oral Adenocarcinoma do esófago Carcinoma de células escamosas do esófago