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O Emprego da Artilharia Portuguesa no Teatro Europeu da 1ª Guerra Mundial
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caraterizar os Grupos de Baterias de
Artilharia que marcaram presença no Teatro de Operações Europeu na região de Flandres,
entre 21 de março e 14 de junho de 1918, procurando descrever o seu emprego e doutrina tática vigente e o seu desempenho nas principais operações em que participaram, identificando a tipologia de missões por eles realizadas.
Decorridos dois anos após o início do primeiro conflito armado de nível mundial, a
cooperação existente entre Portugal e Inglaterra precipita a entrada do nosso país na guerra declarada pelo Império Alemão.
As revoluções industriais que antecederam este conflito possibilitaram o emprego
de novas armas com caraterísticas nunca anteriormente exploradas em contexto de guerra, obrigando os beligerantes a adaptar as suas táticas militares à nova forma de combater, a guerra estática. Portugal foi influenciado pela doutrina tática inglesa, em especial no que se refere ao emprego dos Grupos de Baterias de Artilharia, traduzido pela proximidade das suas Baterias às linhas inimigas, pelo seu tempo de permanência na frente de combate e pela ligação que mantinham com a Infantaria.
A Alemanha, exausta de anos a combater em várias frentes, decide, em 1918,arriscar a vitória na guerra, apostando em 4 grandes operações ofensivas, das quais a segunda operação afetou diretamente forças portuguesas. A 1ª Guerra Mundial e em particular essas operações consagram aquela que foi a única experiência de combate em ambiente convencional vivida por tropas portuguesas nos últimos 100 anos da nossa história.
Para a elaboração deste trabalho procedemos à pesquisa de informação em obras de
referência e no Arquivo Histórico Militar, de modo a compilar e analisar os acontecimentos desde o início da 1ª Guerra Mundial até ao seu término, em especial no que respeita à participação da Artilharia Portuguesa neste conflito.
Esta pesquisa possibilitou a análise da intervenção dos Grupos de Baterias de Artilharia e a descrição que efetuamos neste trabalho, que parte de aspetos gerais e se desenvolve até um enfoque no particular. Assim, retratámos a sua organização tática,disposição no terreno, táticas utilizadas e o seu desempenho nas principais operações em que participaram, proporcionando uma melhor compreensão do seu papel neste conflito.
Concluímos, assim, que os Grupos de Baterias de Artilharia passaram por diferentes
organizações e foram empregues em diferentes tipos de missões, das quais destacamos as Brragens Fixas e as Barragens Rolantes, integrados com unidades de Infantaria, tendo cada uma das suas Baterias a missão de apoiar um Batalhão de Infantaria.
Abstract This investigation aims to characterize the Groups of Artillery Batteries involved in the European Theater of Operations, in Flanders, between 21 march and 14 june 1918, reporting its main administrative organizations and their performance in major operations and identifying the types of missions conducted by them. Two years after the start of the first worldwide armed conflict, cooperation between Portugal and England precipitates the entry of our country into the war declared by the German Empire. The industrial revolutions that preceded this conflict allowed the use of new weapons with features that had never been explored in a war context, forcing belligerents to adapt military tactics to the new way of fighting, the static war. Portugal is influenced by British tactical doctrine, especially the Groups of Artillery Batteries, characterized by the proximity of their batteries to enemy lines, the length of stay at the battlefront and the connection maintained with the Infantry. In 1918, Germany, exhausted from years of fighting on several fronts, decides to risk winning the war by focusing on 4 major offensive operations, the second of which directly affected Portuguese forces. World War I and, in particular, those operations established the only combat situation in conventional environment experienced by Portuguese troops in the last 100 years of our history. For the preparation of this work we formulated the Central Question, proceed to search for information in reference works and Military History Archive in order to compile and analyze the events since the beginning of World War I to its end, with a particular focus on information about the Portuguese Artillery. This research resulted in an analyses of the intervention of the Groups of Artillery Batteries and description of events that starts from general aspects and role in particular aspects. This allowed us to depict their tactical organization, arrangement on the ground, tactics used and their performance in the major operations they were involved in, thus providing a better understanding of their role in this conflict.
Abstract This investigation aims to characterize the Groups of Artillery Batteries involved in the European Theater of Operations, in Flanders, between 21 march and 14 june 1918, reporting its main administrative organizations and their performance in major operations and identifying the types of missions conducted by them. Two years after the start of the first worldwide armed conflict, cooperation between Portugal and England precipitates the entry of our country into the war declared by the German Empire. The industrial revolutions that preceded this conflict allowed the use of new weapons with features that had never been explored in a war context, forcing belligerents to adapt military tactics to the new way of fighting, the static war. Portugal is influenced by British tactical doctrine, especially the Groups of Artillery Batteries, characterized by the proximity of their batteries to enemy lines, the length of stay at the battlefront and the connection maintained with the Infantry. In 1918, Germany, exhausted from years of fighting on several fronts, decides to risk winning the war by focusing on 4 major offensive operations, the second of which directly affected Portuguese forces. World War I and, in particular, those operations established the only combat situation in conventional environment experienced by Portuguese troops in the last 100 years of our history. For the preparation of this work we formulated the Central Question, proceed to search for information in reference works and Military History Archive in order to compile and analyze the events since the beginning of World War I to its end, with a particular focus on information about the Portuguese Artillery. This research resulted in an analyses of the intervention of the Groups of Artillery Batteries and description of events that starts from general aspects and role in particular aspects. This allowed us to depict their tactical organization, arrangement on the ground, tactics used and their performance in the major operations they were involved in, thus providing a better understanding of their role in this conflict.
Description
Keywords
1ª Guerra Mundial Artilharia Baterias Grupos de Baterias de Artilharia
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino