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Publication
Programas de exercício físico com impacte na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida após fratura de fragilidade da anca: scoping review
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As fraturas de fragilidade são um problema de saúde pública, com especial
incidência na população idosa e representam uma causa importante de incapacidade
funcional permanente e morte precoce. A evidência recente indica que programas de
exercício físico melhoram a força muscular, a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida
da pessoa com fratura de fragilidade da anca. O enfermeiro de reabilitação é detentor de
competências que dão resposta às necessidades específicas desta população.
O objetivo desta revisão é mapear e analisar a literatura existente sobre os
programas de exercício físico na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida da pessoa com fratura
de fragilidade da anca, cirurgicamente tratada, em contexto hospitalar ou domiciliário.
Para tal foi elaborada uma Scoping Review, segundo a metodologia proposta pelo
Joanna Briggs Institute®. A pesquisa foi realizada em 20 fontes de evidência, que incluem
bases de dados científicas, literatura cinzenta e pesquisa manual. Não se utilizaram
limitadores temporais à pesquisa e recorreu-se ao software Endnote Clarivate Analytics®,
para a gestão dos recursos bibliográficos. O protocolo desta revisão foi registado no Open
Science Framework (OSF), https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z9KJ7, do qual constam as
etapas do processo metodológico bem como os instrumentos de apoio criados. Duas
investigadoras independentes realizaram a pesquisa, triagem, extração e síntese de dados,
recorrendo a um terceiro investigador, sempre que necessário.
A pesquisa resultou em 2109 publicações, sendo que 21 cumpriram os critérios de
elegibilidade e foram integrados na revisão. Os resultados foram apresentados de forma
esquematizada, agrupados em categorias, de acordo com a análise de conteúdo dos
estudos incluídos. As categorias possibilitaram uma melhor sistematização e abordam o
momento da intervenção, as características do programa de exercício, a funcionalidade e
incapacidade, os componentes do exercício físico e o regime terapêutico.
A grande dispersão de dados encontrados dificultou o agrupamento ou a
comparação de resultados. Apesar de se considerar necessária a realização de mais
ensaios clínicos, para definir concretamente o programa de exercício físico mais seguro e
eficaz, conclui-se que um programa multidisciplinar, com intervenção precoce e com
acompanhamento, pelo menos durante o primeiro ano após a fratura, são os que
evidenciam melhores resultados na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida.
Fragility fractures are a public health problem, with an incidence in the elderly population, and represent an important cause of permanent functional disability and early death. Recent evidence indicates that exercise programs improve muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life in people with fragility hip fractures. The rehabilitation nurses have skills that address the specific needs of this population. This review aims to map and analyze the existing literature on physical exercise programs on the functionality and quality of life of the person with surgically treated fragility hip fracture in a hospital or home setting. To this end, a Scoping Review was prepared, according to the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute®. The search was conducted on 20 sources of evidence, including scientific databases, gray literature, and manual research. No time limiters were used, and we resorted to Endnote Clarivate Analytics® software to manage the bibliographic resources. The protocol for this review was recorded in the Open Science Framework (OSF), https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z9KJ7, which lists the steps of the methodological process as well as the supporting tools created. Two independent researchers performed the search, screening, extraction, and synthesis of data, resorting to a third researcher whenever necessary. The search resulted in 2109 publications, 21 of which met the eligibility criteria and were integrated into the review. The results were presented in a schematized form, grouped into categories, according to the content analysis of the included studies. The categories allowed a better systematization and addressed the intervention moment, the exercise program's characteristics, functionality and disability, the components of physical exercise, and the therapeutic regimen. The large dispersion of data found made it difficult to group or compare results. Although further clinical trials are considered necessary to define the safest and most effective physical exercise program, we conclude that a multidisciplinary program, with early intervention and follow-up, at least during the first year after the fracture, showed the best results in functionality and quality of life
Fragility fractures are a public health problem, with an incidence in the elderly population, and represent an important cause of permanent functional disability and early death. Recent evidence indicates that exercise programs improve muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life in people with fragility hip fractures. The rehabilitation nurses have skills that address the specific needs of this population. This review aims to map and analyze the existing literature on physical exercise programs on the functionality and quality of life of the person with surgically treated fragility hip fracture in a hospital or home setting. To this end, a Scoping Review was prepared, according to the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute®. The search was conducted on 20 sources of evidence, including scientific databases, gray literature, and manual research. No time limiters were used, and we resorted to Endnote Clarivate Analytics® software to manage the bibliographic resources. The protocol for this review was recorded in the Open Science Framework (OSF), https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z9KJ7, which lists the steps of the methodological process as well as the supporting tools created. Two independent researchers performed the search, screening, extraction, and synthesis of data, resorting to a third researcher whenever necessary. The search resulted in 2109 publications, 21 of which met the eligibility criteria and were integrated into the review. The results were presented in a schematized form, grouped into categories, according to the content analysis of the included studies. The categories allowed a better systematization and addressed the intervention moment, the exercise program's characteristics, functionality and disability, the components of physical exercise, and the therapeutic regimen. The large dispersion of data found made it difficult to group or compare results. Although further clinical trials are considered necessary to define the safest and most effective physical exercise program, we conclude that a multidisciplinary program, with early intervention and follow-up, at least during the first year after the fracture, showed the best results in functionality and quality of life
Description
Curso de Mestrado ministrado em parceria com Escola Superior de Enfermagem S. José de Cluny e Escola Superior de Enfermagem Dr. José Timóteo Montalvão Machado
Keywords
Fratura de Fragilidade da Anca Exercício Físico Qualidade de Vida Funcionalidade