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Capacitação física e desempenho no tiro policial de precisão
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre a capacitação física, nomeadamente a aptidão física geral e a estabilidade postural, e o desempenho no tiro
policial de precisão a 5 e 7 metros, em alunos do Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Polícia (CFOP).
Participaram 57 estudantes do CFOP. Foram analisadas variáveis de morfologia (massa corporal, índice de massa corporal, massa gorda e massa muscular), força de preensão manual, estabilidade postural durante o Hurdle Step Test e nas fases de mira e disparo do tiro (parâmetros do centro de pressão – CoP – associados à estabilidade postural). O desempenho no tiro policial de precisão foi avaliado pela pontuação obtida nas provas de tiro a 5 e 7 metros.
Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho no tiro foi significativamente superior a 5 metros em comparação com 7 metros. As variáveis morfológicas, em particular a massa corporal total, o índice de massa corporal e a massa gorda relativa, apresentaram associações negativas com o desempenho. Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre o desempenho no tiro e a força de preensão manual ou a estabilidade postural. A estabilidade postural apresentou diferenças significativas entre as fases de mira e disparo, caracterizadas por aumento da velocidade média do CoP e razão velocidade-amplitude, bem como diminuição do deslocamento do CoP na fase de disparo. As correlações entre a estabilidade postural e o desempenho no tiro foram, em geral, fracas e inconsistentes. Os modelos de regressão indicaram que o desempenho no tiro é explicado por um conjunto restrito de variáveis, destacando-se a massa gorda relativa (efeito negativo) e o pico de velocidade do CoP no eixo ântero-posterior na fase de mira (efeito positivo), sendo que, no tiro a 5 metros, também contribuíram variáveis de estabilidade postural na fase de disparo.
Conclui-se que o desempenho no tiro policial de precisão depende, de forma multifatorial, de características morfológicas e de parâmetros específicos de controlo postural, tendo a composição corporal um papel relevante. Estes resultados reforçam a importância da otimização da composição corporal e do controlo postural no treino de tiro policial.
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical fitness, namely general physical fitness and postural stability, and performance in precision police shooting at 5 and 7 meters, in students of the Police Officer Training Course (CFOP). Fifty-seven students from CFOP participated. Morphological variables (body mass, body mass index, fat mass, and muscle mass), handgrip strength, postural stability during the Hurdle Step Test and in the aiming and firing phases (center of pressure – CoP – parameters associated with postural stability) were analyzed. Performance in precision police shooting was assessed by the score obtained in the shooting tests at 5 and 7 meters. The results showed that shooting performance was significantly higher at 5 meters than at 7 meters. Morphological variables, particularly total body mass, body mass index, and relative fat mass, showed negative associations with performance. No significant associations were found between shooting performance and handgrip strength or postural stability. Postural stability showed significant differences between the aiming and firing phases, characterized by an increase in average CoP velocity and velocity-amplitude ratio, as well as a decrease in CoP displacement during the firing phase. Correlations between postural stability and shooting performance were generally weak and inconsistent. Regression models indicated that shooting performance is explained by a limited set of variables, highlighting relative fat mass (negative effect) and peak CoP velocity in the anteroposterior axis during the aiming phase (positive effect), and, in 5-meter shooting, postural stability variables also contributed during the firing hase. It is concluded that performance in precision police shooting depends, in a multifactorial way, on morphological characteristics and specific parameters of postural control, with body composition playing a relevant role. These results reinforce the importance of optimizing body composition and postural control in police shooting training.
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical fitness, namely general physical fitness and postural stability, and performance in precision police shooting at 5 and 7 meters, in students of the Police Officer Training Course (CFOP). Fifty-seven students from CFOP participated. Morphological variables (body mass, body mass index, fat mass, and muscle mass), handgrip strength, postural stability during the Hurdle Step Test and in the aiming and firing phases (center of pressure – CoP – parameters associated with postural stability) were analyzed. Performance in precision police shooting was assessed by the score obtained in the shooting tests at 5 and 7 meters. The results showed that shooting performance was significantly higher at 5 meters than at 7 meters. Morphological variables, particularly total body mass, body mass index, and relative fat mass, showed negative associations with performance. No significant associations were found between shooting performance and handgrip strength or postural stability. Postural stability showed significant differences between the aiming and firing phases, characterized by an increase in average CoP velocity and velocity-amplitude ratio, as well as a decrease in CoP displacement during the firing phase. Correlations between postural stability and shooting performance were generally weak and inconsistent. Regression models indicated that shooting performance is explained by a limited set of variables, highlighting relative fat mass (negative effect) and peak CoP velocity in the anteroposterior axis during the aiming phase (positive effect), and, in 5-meter shooting, postural stability variables also contributed during the firing hase. It is concluded that performance in precision police shooting depends, in a multifactorial way, on morphological characteristics and specific parameters of postural control, with body composition playing a relevant role. These results reinforce the importance of optimizing body composition and postural control in police shooting training.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Policiais – Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Policia
Palavras-chave
aptidão física composição corporal desempenho estabilidade postural tiro policial de precisão body composition performance physical fitness postural stability precision police shooting